대전고등법원 | 2019-12-05 | 2019누11079
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
부당해고 구제 재심판정 취소 소송에서 사용자의 지위 인정 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 항소를 기각함.
- 항소비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 모두 근로자가 부담함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 「산업집적활성화 및 공장설립에 관한 법률」에 따라 조성된 A의 효율적인 관리 업무 수행과 유지관리, 산업단지의 발전 및 복리증진을 도모하는 것을 목적으로 설립된 법인임.
- 근로자는 총무팀, 관리팀, 주유소팀, 예비군대대(2017. 7. 1.부터 예비군연대에서 격하됨)로 구성되어 있음.
- A 방위협의회는 예비군법, 통합방위법 등 관련 법령에 따라 A 직장예비군연대의 효율적인 지원과 건전한 육성발전 및 그 정예화와 전력화를 기하고 총력안보와 국가산업시설 방호에 기여하기 위하여 설치되었음.
- 참가인은 원고 소속 예비군연대 소속 근로자였음.
- 근로자는 참가인에 대한 해고를 진행하였고, 참가인은 이에 대해 부당해고 구제신청을 하였음.
- 경북지방노동위원회는 근로자의 사용자성을 인정하고 부당해고를 인정하였으며, 중앙노동위원회도 이를 유지하는 재심판정을 내렸음.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정이 위법하다며 취소 소송을 제기하였음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로자가 참가인의 사용자에 해당하는지 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 사용자는 근로계약을 체결하고 근로자에게 임금을 지급하며, 근로자의 인사 및 노무 관리에 실질적인 영향력을 행사하는 자를 의미함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자는 A의 효율적인 관리 업무 수행과 유지관리, 산업단지의 발전 및 복리증진을 도모하는 것을 목적으로 설립되었으며, 예비군대대를 포함한 조직을 구성하고 있음.
- 원고와 F 등 예비군연대 소속 참모들은 원고 소속 근로자로 채용되었고, 원고 이사장으로부터 임용장을 받았으며, 근로자의 인사관리규정에 따라 근로자의 전무이사, 이사장의 결재를 거쳐 호봉 승급 등 인사명령이 이루어졌음.
- 참가인과 같이 예비군연대본부에 임용되는 일반요원의 자격 및 인사관리절차는 근로자의 인사규정을 준용하고, 그 봉급은 방위협의회 예산 범위 내에서 원고 규정에 준하도록 규정하고 있음.
- 예비군연대본부 사무실은 원고 소속 총무팀, 관리팀과 같은 공간에 있음.
- 참가인에 대한 고용보험 피보험자격 이력내역에 의하면, 근로자가 참가인을 사용하는 사업장으로 기재되어 있음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 모두 원고가 부담한다.
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\uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \ubc95\uc778\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucd1d\ubb34\ud300, \uad00\ub9ac\ud300, \uc8fc\uc720\uc18c\ud300, \uc608\ube44\uad70\ub300\ub300(2017. 7. 1.\ubd80\ud130 \uc608\ube44\uad70\uc5f0\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uaca9\ud558\ub428)\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c.\n- A \ubc29\uc704\ud611\uc758\ud68c\ub294 \uc608\ube44\uad70\ubc95, \ud1b5\ud569\ubc29\uc704\ubc95 \ub4f1 \uad00\ub828 \ubc95\ub839\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c A \uc9c1\uc7a5\uc608\ube44\uad70\uc5f0\ub300\uc758 \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uacfc \uac74\uc804\ud55c \uc721\uc131\ubc1c\uc804 \ubc0f \uadf8 \uc815\uc608\ud654\uc640 \uc804\ub825\ud654\ub97c \uae30\ud558\uace0 \ucd1d\ub825\uc548\ubcf4\uc640 \uad6d\uac00\uc0b0\uc5c5\uc2dc\uc124 \ubc29\ud638\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc124\uce58\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0 \uc18c\uc18d \uc608\ube44\uad70\uc5f0\ub300 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 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\uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c4.\n- \uc608\ube44\uad70\uc5f0\ub300\uc758 \ud68c\uacc4\uac00 \uacf5\ub2e8 \ubcf8\ubd80\uc758 \ud68c\uacc4\uc640 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \ub4f1 \uc608\ube44\uad70\uc5f0\ub300\ubcf8\ubd80 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc784\uae08\uc774 \uc608\ube44\uad70\uc5f0\ub300\uc758 \ud68c\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\uae09\ub418\uae30\ub294 \ud558\ub098, \uc774\ub294 \uc0b0\uc5c5\ub2e8\uc9c0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc5c5\uccb4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub0a9\ubd80\ubc1b\uc740 \ud68c\ube44(\ubc29\ud638\ube44)\uac00 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc608\ube44\uad70\uc5f0\ub300\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc7ac\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\uba70, \ud589\uc815\u00b7\uc138\ubb34\uc5c5\ubb34\uc758 \uad6c\ubd84\uc744 \uc704\ud574 'G\uc5f0\ub300'\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uace0\uc720\ubc88\ud638\uac00 \ubd80\uc5ec\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc5d0 \ubc29\ud574\uac00 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ud589\uc815\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c8\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d**: \ud589\uc815\uc18c\uc1a1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \ubc95\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \ubc95\uc6d0\uc870\uc9c1\ubc95\uacfc \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \ubc0f \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc9d1\ud589\ubc95\uc758 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uc900\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c420\uc870 \ubcf8\ubb38**: \ud56d\uc18c\ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc81c1\uc2ec\ud310\uacb0\uc774 \uc815\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ud56d\uc18c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \uc81c1\uc2ec\ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uacbd\uc601\uc0c1 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc694\uac74\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\uace0, \uc774\uc640 \uacb0\ub860\uc744 \uac19\uc774 \ud55c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc740 \uc801\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ud68c\uacc4 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub098 \uc124\ub9bd \uadfc\uac70 \ubc95\ub839\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 **\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc0ac\uad8c \ud589\uc0ac, \ub178\ubb34 \uad00\ub9ac, \ucc44\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uc784\uc6a9 \uc808\ucc28, \uae09\uc5ec \uc9c0\uae09 \ubc29\uc2dd, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd \ubc0f \uacfc\uac70 \ud589\ud0dc** \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc6d0\uace0 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uac00 \ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ub300\uc751\ud558\uba70 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub9cc\uc744 \ub2e4\ud230 \uc810\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\uc74c. \uc774\ub294 **\uae08\ubc18\uc5b8\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59**\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud558\uac8c, \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud615\uc131\ub41c \ubc95\ub960\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uae30\uc5c5\uc740 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub0b4\uc758 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd80\uc11c\ub098 \uc5f0\ub300, \ud611\uc758\ud68c \ub4f1\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc0ac \ubc0f \ub178\ubb34 \uad00\ub9ac \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \ud574\ub2f9 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc720\ub150\ud574\uc57c \ud568."}
- 근로자는 해당 해고에 앞서 근로자가 참가인의 사용자임을 전제로 산업단지 입주단체에 인력채용의뢰, 구조조정협의를 위한 근로자대표 신청안내 공고, 경영상 구조조정 회의 등 해고를 위한 절차를 진행하였고, 해고통지도 근로자가 직접 참가인에게 하였음.
- 참가인이 근로자를 상대로 경북지방노동위원회에 한 구제신청에서 근로자가 사용자로서 대응하였고, 중앙노동위원회에 재심을 신청하였음. 이 과정에서 근로자는 예비군자원의 축소로 인한 인원감축의 불가피성과 근로기준법상 경영상 이유에 의한 해고의 요건을 갖추었음을 주장하였을 뿐, 근로자가 참가인의 사용자가 아니라는 주장은 하지 않았음. 이는 원고 역시 참가인을 근로자의 근로자로 인식하고 있었다는 것을 나타냄.
- 예비군연대의 회계가 공단 본부의 회계와 분리되어 있고, 참가인 등 예비군연대본부 소속 근로자들에 대한 임금이 예비군연대의 회계에서 지급되기는 하나, 이는 산업단지 입주업체로부터 납부받은 회비(방호비)가 주로 예비군연대의 업무를 수행하는 데에 필요한 재원이 되기 때문이며, 행정·세무업무의 구분을 위해 'G연대'에 대하여 별도의 고유번호가 부여된 것으로 보임. 이러한 사정만으로는 근로자를 참가인의 사용자로 인정하는 데에 방해가 되지 않음.
- 종합적으로 볼 때, 근로자는 참가인의 사용자에 해당한다고 충분히 인정할 수 있으므로, 근로자의 이 부분 주장은 이유 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 행정소송법 제8조 제2항: 행정소송에 관하여 이 법에 특별한 규정이 없는 사항에 대하여는 법원조직법과 민사소송법 및 민사집행법의 규정을 준용한다.
- 민사소송법 제420조 본문: 항소법원은 제