서울중앙지방법원 | 2023-01-13 | 2020고합590
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
무고죄로 기소된 피고인에게 징역형의 집행유예를 선고한 사례
결과 요약
- 피고인에게 징역 1년에 처하고, 2년간 위 형의 집행을 유예함.
사실관계
- 피고인은 2018. 2. 15.부터 경비용역업체인 해당 회사에서 기간제 근로자로 근무하다 2018. 6. 30. 계약기간 만료로 근로계약이 종료됨.
- 2018. 8. 14. 서울지방노동위원회에 부당해고구제신청을 하였으나, 2018. 11. 19. 근로계약서에 기재된 계약기간 만료일에 근로관계가 정당하게 종료되었다는 이유로 기각됨.
- 피고인은 근로계약서에 기재된 근로기간이 구제신청 기각에 영향을 미쳤다고 생각하여, 해당 회사의 대표이사 D를 사문서위조죄 등으로 허위 고소하기로 마음먹음.
- 2018. 11. 20. D가 계약기간이 기재되지 않은 구두 근로계약을 체결했음에도 해고를 정당화하기 위해 계약기간이 명시된 근로계약서를 위조하고 이를 행사했다는 내용의 고소장을 작성하여 종로경찰서에 제출함.
- 그러나 사실은 피고인이 해당 회사의 본부장 E과 근로기간을 2018. 2. 15.부터 2018. 6. 30.까지로 정하여 근로계약을 체결하고 서명까지 하였으며, 그 계약서 사본을 교부받아 소지하고 있었으므로 D가 근로계약서를 위조하거나 행사한 사실은 전혀 없음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
무고죄 성립 여부
- 피고인이 허위 사실로 D를 무고하였는지 여부가 쟁점임.
- 법원은 해당 근로계약서가 피고인과 해당 회사의 업무 담당자 E에 의해 진정하게 작성된 것이며 위조되었다고 볼 수 없다고 판단함.
- 피고인은 이를 잘 알면서도 D가 근로계약서를 위조하였다는 취지의 허위 고소장을 작성·제출하여 D를 무고하였다고 판단함.
- 판단의 근거:
- 해당 회사의 업무 방식, 근로계약서의 내용과 작성 경위 등에 비추어 근로계약서가 위조되었을 만한 특별한 이유나 사정이 없음.
- 해당 회사는 약 1,600명의 근로자를 고용하며 대부분 3개월 단위로 근로계약을 갱신하고, 효율적인 인사·노무 관리를 위해 근로기간 종료일은 각 분기의 말일로 정해졌음. 피고인 외 다른 근로자들의 근로기간 종료일도 2018. 6. 30.로 일치함.
- 피고인에 대한 범죄경력조회가 지체되어 근로계약서가 2018. 3. 초순경 작성되었음.
- 해당 회사가 피고인에 대해서만 근로계약서를 작성하지 않을 만한 동기가 없으며, 해당 근로계약서의 내용은 다른 근로자들의 계약서와 차이가 없고 근로기간 기재도 자연스러움.
- 피고인이 소지하고 있던 '제2계약서'는 이 사건 계약서와 형상에서 차이가 없으며, 피고인의 주장처럼 위조된 것이라면 피고인이 이를 가지고 있을 이유가 없음. 피고인이 제2계약서를 발견한 뒤 고소장 제출 전까지 D 등의 근로계약서 위조 사실에 관하여 문제를 제기한 사정도 없음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울중앙지방법원 제33형사부 판결
사건: 2020고합590 무고 피고인: A 검사: 정일균(기소), 김민정(공판) 변호인: 변호사 강욱현, 손한나 판결선고: 2023. 1. 13.
피고인을 징역 1년에 처한다. 다만, 이 판결 확정일부터 2년간 위 형의 집행을 유예한다.
범죄사실 1. 모두사실 피고인은 2018. 2. 15.경부터 경비용역 제공업체인 주식회사 B(이하 '이 사건 회사'라 한다)의 기간제 근로자로서 서울 종로구 C아파트에서 근무하던 중 2018. 6.30. 계약기간 만료를 이유로 근로계약이 종료되자 2018. 8. 14. 경 서울지방노동위원회에 이 사건 회사의 대표이사인 D를 피신청인으로 하여 '부당해고구제신청'을 하였지만, 2018. 11. 19.경 근로계약서에 기재된 계약기간 만료일에 근로관계가 정당하게 종료되었으므로 부당해고가 아니다' 라는 이유로 위 구제신청이 기각되었고, 이러한 기각결정에 이 사건 회사와 피고인 사이에 작성된 2018. 2. 15.부터 2018.
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\uc81c156\uc870(\ubb34\uace0)**: \ud0c0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \ud615\uc0ac \ub610\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uac8c \ud560 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacf5\ubb34\uc18c \ub610\ub294 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ud5c8\uc704\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc2e0\uace0\ud55c \uc790\ub294 10\ub144 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uc9d5\uc5ed \ub610\ub294 1\ucc9c500\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \ubc8c\uae08\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\ud615\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d(\uc9d1\ud589\uc720\uc608)**: 3\ub144 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uc9d5\uc5ed \ub610\ub294 \uae08\uace0\uc758 \ud615\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc81c51\uc870\uc758 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ucc38\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \uc815\uc0c1\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc791\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 1\ub144 \uc774\uc0c1 5\ub144 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ud615\uc758 \uc9d1\ud589\uc744 \uc720\uc608\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uae08\uace0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud615\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ud55c \ud310\uacb0\uc774 \ud655\uc815\ub41c \ub54c\ubd80\ud130 \uadf8 \uc9d1\ud589\uc744 \uc885\ub8cc\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uba74\uc81c\ub41c \ud6c4 3\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ubc94\ud55c \uc8c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub2e4.\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2012. 11. 29. \uc120\uace0 2012\ub3c410269 \ud310\uacb0**: \ud615\uc758 \uc2e4\ud6a8 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c7\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc774 \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \ud615\uc758 \uc2e4\ud6a8\ub294 \ud615\uc758 \uc120\uace0\uc758 \ubc95\ub960\uc801 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc77c \ubfd0, \ud615\uc758 \uc120\uace0\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uae30\uc655\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ud6a8\uacfc\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc18c\uba78\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc2e4\ud6a8\ub41c \uc804\uacfc\ub3c4 \uc591\ud615\uc5d0\uc11c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubc94\ud589\uc740 \uad6d\uac00 \ud615\ubc8c\uad8c\uc758 \uc801\uc815\ud55c \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc29\ud574\ud558\uace0 \ubb34\uace0\ub97c \ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \ud615\uc0ac\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc704\ud5d8\uacfc \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c4\ubc8c\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2010\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubb34\uace0\uc8c4\ub85c \uc9d5\uc5ed\ud615\uc758 \uc2e4\ud615\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ub3d9\uc885 \ubc94\ud589\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ube44\uad50\uc801 \uc7a5\uae30\uac04\uc774 \uacbd\uacfc\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc218\uc0ac \uc9c4\ud589 \ud6c4 \uc5bc\ub9c8 \uc9c0\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ubc94\ud589\uc774 \ubc1c\uac01\ub418\uc5b4 D \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud615\uc0ac\ucc98\ubc8c\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc774 \ud06c\uac8c \ud604\uc2e4\ud654\ub418\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 71\uc138\uc758 \uace0\ub839\uc784.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ubb34\uace0\uc8c4\uc758 \uc131\ub9bd \uc694\uac74\uc778 '\ud5c8\uc704 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc758 \uc2e0\uace0'\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc704\uc870 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uac70(\ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ubc29\uc2dd, \ub2e4\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uacc4\uc57d \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ud544\uc801 \uac10\uc815 \uacb0\uacfc \ub4f1)\ub97c \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \ud5c8\uc704\uc784\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ub428.\n- \ub3d9\uc885 \uc804\uacfc\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubc94\ud589 \ud6c4 \uc815\ud669, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ub098\uc774 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc9d1\ud589\uc720\uc608\ub97c \uc120\uace0\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \uc591\ud615\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \ucc38\uc791\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ubb34\uace0\uc8c4\ub294 \uad6d\uac00 \ud615\ubc8c\uad8c\uc758 \uc801\uc815\ud55c \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \uc800\ud574\ud558\uace0 \ud53c\ubb34\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \ubc94\uc8c4\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud5c8\uc704 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc2e0\uace0\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \uc5c4\uc911\ud788 \ucc98\ubc8c\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568."}
- 이 사건 계약서에 대한 필적 감정 결과, 수기 필적과 서명 등은 실제 필기구에 의한 원본 필적으로 확인되었고, 특히 피고인 성명과 서명은 피고인의 필적과 유사 특징이 더 많음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 형법 제156조(무고): 타인으로 하여금 형사 또는 징계처분을 받게 할 목적으로 공무소 또는 공무원에 대하여 허위의 사실을 신고한 자는 10년 이하의 징역 또는 1천500만원 이하의 벌금에 처한다.
- 형법 제62조 제1항(집행유예): 3년 이하의 징역 또는 금고의 형을 선고할 경우에 제51조의 사항을 참작하여 그 정상에 참작할 만한 사유가 있는 때에는 1년 이상 5년 이하의 기간을 정하여 형의 집행을 유예할 수 있다. 다만, 금고 이상의 형을 선고한 판결이 확정된 때부터 그 집행을 종료하거나 면제된 후 3년까지의 기간에 범한 죄에 대하여는 그러하지 아니하다.
- 대법원 2012. 11. 29. 선고 2012도10269 판결: 형의 실효 등에 관한 법률 제7조 제1항이 규정한 형의 실효는 형의 선고의 법률적 효과가 없어지는 것일 뿐, 형의 선고가 있었다는 기왕의 사실 자