서울중앙지방법원 | 2023-01-19 | 2022가합185
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
정직처분 무효 확인 및 미지급 임금 청구 사건
결과 요약
- 회사의 근로자에 대한 1개월의 정직처분은 무효임을 확인하고, 회사는 근로자에게 미지급 임금 2,747,000원 및 지연손해금을 지급함.
- 근로자의 나머지 청구는 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 해당 회사의 특수경비대원으로, 2021. 2. 15. E본부와 H본부 사이 출입로에서 H본부 경비업체 경비대원과 언쟁을 벌임(이 사건 언쟁).
- 회사는 2021. 5. 18. 근로자에게 이 사건 언쟁을 사유로 1개월의 정직처분을 통지함(해당 정직처분). 징계사유는 '근무지 무단 이탈', '타 회사와의 분쟁', '정당한 이유 없는 업무상 명령 불복(경위서 작성 거부)'이었음.
- 근로자는 재심을 청구하였으나, 2021. 7. 29. 재심 인사위원회는 원심 유지를 의결함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
징계절차의 적법성
- CCTV 영상 보전 및 공개 거부 주장: 근로자가 이 사건 언쟁 발생 약 2개월 후 CCTV 영상 보전을 요구하였으나, 회사가 이를 거절하여 방어권 행사를 방해하였다는 주장.
- 법원은 근로자가 그 이전부터 CCTV 영상 보전을 요구하였다는 객관적인 증거가 없고, 회사에게 90일 동안 CCTV 영상을 보관할 법적 근거가 없으며, 회사가 근로자의 방어권 행사를 방해하기 위해 영상을 삭제하거나 공개하지 않았다는 증거가 없으므로, 이 부분 절차 위반 주장을 받아들이지 않음.
- 재심 징계의결요구서 기재 위법 주장: 재심 징계의결요구서에 원심에서 인정되지 않은 징계사유('근무 중 스마트폰 사용', '회계질서 문란행위')와 허위 징계전력이 기재되어 재심 징계위원들의 공정한 판단을 방해하였다는 주장.
- 법원은 '근무 중 스마트폰 사용'은 재심 징계위원회가 징계사유로 인정하지 않았고, '회계질서 문란행위'는 적용규정의 문구를 그대로 옮긴 것에 불과하며, 근로자의 징계전력은 재심 징계의결 당시 취소되거나 무효라고 인정할 증거가 없으므로 허위 기재가 아니라고 판단함. 따라서 재심 징계위원들의 객관적 판단이 방해되거나 근로자의 방어권이 침해되었다고 인정할 수 없다고 판단함.
징계사유의 존부
- '근무지 무단 이탈' 징계사유: 근로자가 H본부 경비초소를 찾아가 잠시 언쟁을 벌인 것이 근무지 무단 이탈에 해당하는지 여부.
- 법원은 근로자의 근무지와 H본부 경비초소의 거리, 출입로 구조 등을 고려할 때, 근로자가 사회통념상 허용 범위를 넘어 경비임무 수행에 지장을 초래할 정도로 근무장소를 이탈하였다고 인정하기 부족하다고 판단하여 이 부분 징계사유를 부정함.
- '타 회사와의 분쟁(H 경비팀과의 다툼)' 징계사유: 근로자가 H 경비대원과 언쟁을 벌인 것이 징계사유에 해당하는지 여부.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울중앙지방법원 제48민사부 판결
사건: 2022가합185 징계처분 무효 등 확인의 소 원고: A 피고: B 주식회사 소송대리인 법무법인 율한 담당변호사 이지은 변론종결: 2022. 11. 15. 판결선고: 2023. 1. 19.
1. 피고가 2021. 5. 18. 원고에게 한 1개월의 정직처분은 무효임을 확인한다. 2. 피고는 원고에게 2,747,000원 및 이에 대하여 2021. 7. 16.부터 2022. 2. 10.까지 연 5%, 그 다음 날부터 다 갚는 날까지 연 12%의 각 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하라. 3. 원고의 나머지 청구를 기각한다. 4. 소송비용은 피고가 부담한다. 5. 제2항은 가집행할 수 있다.
1. 기초 사실 가. 피고는 C 주식회사(이하 'C'이라고만 한다)의 자회사로서, 사옥 · 산업시설 등 보호· 안전·질서유지 등을 위한 시설경비업, 발전소 등 국가중요시설 등의 보안·방호 등을 위한 특수경비사업 등을 목적으로 하는 회사이다. 원고는 피고의 근로자로서 인천 서구 D 소재 E 경비를 담당하는 F경비팀 특수경비대원으로 근무하는 사람이다. 나. E(이하 'E본부'라고만 한다)는 G 주식회사(이하 'G'이라고만 한다) H(이하 'H본 부'라고만 한다)의 인천 서구 D 부지 내에 위치한다. 그 출입로 중 좌측 부분은 E본부, 우측 부분은 H본부가 구분하여 사용하고 있으며, H본부의 경비업무는 다른 용역업체인 I 주
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\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04 \uc911 H\ubcf8\ubd80 \uacbd\ube44\ucd08\uc18c\ub97c \ucc3e\uc544\uac00 \uc5b8\uc7c1\uc744 \ubc8c\uc778 \uac83\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\uace0, \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 '\uc0ac\uc18c\ud55c \ub9d0\ub2e4\ud23c' \uc218\uc900\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud568.\n- **'\uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \ubd88\ubcf5(\uacbd\uc704\uc11c \uc791\uc131 \uac70\ubd80)' \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720**: \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uacbd\uc704\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \uba85\ub839 \ubd88\ubcf5\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ud53c\uace0 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc0c1 '\uc5f0\uac04 \uacbd\uc704\uc11c 3\ud68c \uc774\uc0c1 \uc81c\ucd9c'\uc774 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc815\ud574\uc838 \uc788\uc5b4 \uacbd\uc704\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc774 \uc791\uc131\uc790\uc758 \uc798\ubabb\uc744 \uc2dc\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ubb34\uac70\uc6b4 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uba70, \ud53c\uace0 \uacbd\ube44\ud300\uc7a5\uc758 \uacbd\uc704\uc11c \uc791\uc131 \uc9c0\uc2dc\uac00 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacbd\uc704 \ubcf4\uace0\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc774\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud55c \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \ubd88\ubcf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2010. 1. 14. \uc120\uace0 2009\ub4506605 \ud310\uacb0, \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 6. 26. \uc120\uace0 2014\ub45035799 \ud310\uacb0**: \uc2dc\ub9d0\uc11c\uac00 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacbd\uc704 \ubcf4\uace0\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4 '\uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc798\ubabb\uc744 \ubc18\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\uc8c4\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9'\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc774\ub294 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc591\uc2ec\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uce68\ud574\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uace0, \uadf8\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud55c \uc2dc\ub9d0\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c \uba85\ub839\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \uba85\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\uc131\n- **\uc9d5\uacc4\uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8 \uc5ec\ubd80**: \uc778\uc815\ub41c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720('\ud0c0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc640\uc758 \ubd84\uc7c1')\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \ub4e0 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 \uc911 '\ud0c0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc640\uc758 \ubd84\uc7c1'\ub9cc\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758 \uc804\uc81c\uac00 \uc0c1\ub2f9 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc0c1\uc2e4\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc5b8\uc7c1\uc740 \uc0c8\ubcbd\uc5d0 \uc7a0\uc2dc \uc5b8\uc7c1\uc744 \ubc8c\uc778 \uac83\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uba85\uc608 \uc190\uc0c1\uc774\ub098 \uc9c8\uc11c \ubb38\ub780 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \ubbf8\uc57d\ud558\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5b4 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \uc77c\ud0c8\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 11. 23. \uc120\uace0 2006\ub2e448069 \ud310\uacb0**: \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc740 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uc131\uaca9, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uc5ec\uac74, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ubc0f \uc9c1\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc758 \ub3d9\uae30\uc640 \uacbd\uc704, \uae30\uc5c5\uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc601\ud5a5, \uacfc\uac70 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n### \uc784\uae08 \uccad\uad6c\n- **\ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09 \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc815\uc9c1\uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uc9c1\uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c538\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d**: \ucc44\uad8c\uc790 \uadc0\ucc45\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ucc44\ubb34 \ubd88\uc774\ud589 \uc2dc \ucc44\ubb34\uc790\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \ucc44\ubb34\ub97c \uba74\ud568.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870**: \uc784\uae08\uc758 \uc815\uc758.\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2012. 2. 9. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub2e420034 \ud310\uacb0, \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2020. 7. 23. \uc120\uace0 2020\ub2e4221396 \ud310\uacb0**: \ubd80\ub2f9 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubb34\ud6a8 \ub610\ub294 \ucde8\uc18c\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub294 \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c538\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\ud558\uc600\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc784\uae08 \uc804\ubd80\uc758 \uc9c0\uae09\uc744 \uccad\uad6c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uace0 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\ud55c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uacfc \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc2e4\uccb4\uc801 \uc874\ubd80, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc801\uc815\uc131\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc2ec\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uad8c\uc775\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uacbd\uc704\uc11c \uc791\uc131 \uac70\ubd80\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ud5cc\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc591\uc2ec\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uce68\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc2dc\ub9d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uc5ec, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub97c \uac15\uc694\ud558\ub294 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \uba85\ub839\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568. \uc774\ub294 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c \ud589\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc81c\uc57d\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 \uc911 '\uadfc\ubb34\uc9c0 \ubb34\ub2e8 \uc774\ud0c8'\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud5c8\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uacbd\ubbf8\ud55c \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub4f1, \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c \ub0a8\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc784."}
- 법원은 근로자가 근무시간 중 H본부 경비초소를 찾아가 언쟁을 벌인 것에 정당한 이유가 없고, 통상적인 '사소한 말다툼' 수준에 불과하다고 보이지 않으므로, 이 부분 징계사유를 인정함.
- '정당한 이유 없이 업무상 명령에 불복(경위서 작성 거부)' 징계사유: 근로자가 경위서 작성을 거부한 것이 정당한 업무상 명령 불복에 해당하는지 여부.
- 법원은 피고 취업규칙상 '연간 경위서 3회 이상 제출'이 징계사유로 정해져 있어 경위서 작성이 작성자의 잘못을 시인하는 무거운 의미를 가지며, 피고 경비팀장의 경위서 작성 지시가 단순히 사건 경위 보고를 넘어 근로자에게 불이익한 행위를 하도록 지시한 것이라고 판단함. 따라서 근로자가 이를 거부한 것만으로는 정당한 업무상 명령에 불복하였다고 평가하기 어렵다고 판단하여 이 부분 징계사유를 부정함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2010. 1. 14. 선고 2009두6605 판결, 대법원 2014. 6. 26. 선고 2014두35799 판결: 시말서가 단순히 사건 경위 보고를 넘어 '자신의 잘못을 반성하고 사죄한다는 내용'을 포함하는 경우, 이는 헌법상 양심의 자유를 침해하므로 효력이 없고, 그에 근거한 시말서 제출 명령은 정당한 업무상 명령으로 볼 수 없음.
징계양정의