서울행정법원 | 2024-02-08 | 2022구합69971
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
기간제 근로계약 갱신 기대권 및 부당해고, 부당노동행위 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자들의 청구를 모두 기각함.
- 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 근로자들이 부담함.
사실관계
- 참가인은 1993. 3. 1. 설립된 설비 공사업 법인이며, B 주식회사는 2006. 3. 8. 설립된 보온 공사업 법인임.
- 원고 노동조합은 2007. 8. 5. 설립된 플랜트 건설산업 전국단위 산업별노동조합임.
- 원고 근로자들은 2021. 10. 13. 참가인과 제1근로계약을, 같은 날 B과 제2근로계약을 체결함.
- 제1근로계약은 2021. 10. 13.부터 2021. 10. 30. 또는 2021. 10. 31.까지의 기간으로, 제2근로계약은 2021. 10. 13.부터 2021. 10. 31.까지의 기간으로 체결됨.
- 원고 근로자들은 2021. 10. 22. 현장소장 M 및 참가인 소속 부장 N과 대화 중 M으로부터 지역노조 미가입 시 나가야 한다는 취지의 '해당 통보'를 받음.
- 근로자들은 해당 통보가 부당해고 및 부당노동행위에 해당한다고 주장하며 구제신청을 하였으나, 충남지방노동위원회와 중앙노동위원회는 모두 기각함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
원고 근로자들의 사용자가 누구인지
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약 형식과 관계없이 실질적인 종속 관계에서 근로를 제공했는지에 따라 판단하며, 임금 지급 의무를 부담하는 사용자 또한 실질적인 근로관계를 기준으로 판단함.
- 판단:
- 원고 근로자들이 먼저 참가인과 제1근로계약을 체결하고, 같은 날 B과 제2근로계약을 체결한 것은 재하도급계약 승인을 전제로 한 것임.
- B은 재하도급계약 승인이 결정되지 않아 공사 업무를 수행하지 못했으며, 원고 근로자들은 제1근로계약에 따라 참가인에게 근로를 제공한 것으로 평가됨.
- 원고 근로자들은 B이 아닌 참가인의 지시를 받았고, 참가인 명칭이 기재된 작업복과 안전모를 착용함.
- 참가인은 자신이 원고 근로자들의 사용자임을 인정했으나, B은 부정함.
- 원고 근로자들은 B이 아닌 참가인으로부터 임금을 지급받음.
- 결론: 원고 근로자들의 실질적인 사용자는 B이 아닌 참가인이라고 봄이 타당함.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울행정법원 제12부 판결
사건: 2022구합69971 부당해고 및 부당노동행위구제 재심판정 취소의 소 원고: 별지 1 '원고 목록' 기재와 같다. 원고들 소송대리인 법무법인 송경 담당변호사 정병욱 피고: 중앙노동위원회위원장 피고보조참가인: A 주식회사 소송대리인 법무법인 아인 담당변호사 고창일 변론종결: 2023. 11. 23. 판결선고: 2024. 2. 8.
1. 원고들의 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고들이 부담한다.
1. 재심판정의 경위 가. 피고보조참가인(이하 '참가인'이라 한다)은 1993. 3. 1. 설립되어 상시 약 20명의 근로자를 사용하여 설비 공사업 등을 영위하는 법인이고, B 주식회사(이하 'B'이라 한다)는 2006. 3. 8. 설립되어 상시 약 5명의 근로자를 사용하여 보온 공사업 등을 영위하는 법인이다. 나. 원고 E노동조합(이하 '원고 노동조합'이라 한다)은 2007. 8. 5. 설립되어 플랜트 건설산업에 종사하는 근로자를 조직 대상으로 하는 전국단위 산업별노동조합이고, 가입한 상급단체는 F단체(이하 'F단체'이라 한다) G단체이다. 다. F단체 소속 조합원인 원고 H, I, J, K(이하 통틀어 '원고 근로자
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\uad00\ud589\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc740 \uc9c0\uc5ed\ub178\uc870 \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, \ube44\uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc778 \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \uc77c\ubc18\ub860\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \uac31\uc2e0 \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc6d0\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c1\uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 2. 13. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub45012528 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2017. 10. 12. \uc120\uace0 2015\ub45044493 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc885\ub8cc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub294 M\uc758 \ub2f5\ubcc0\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uba70, \uc81c1\uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 2021. 10. 22.\uc790\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8.\n- M\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc81c1\uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uc885\ub8cc \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uc804\ub2ec\ud560 \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- M\uacfc N\uc774 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc600\ub2e4\uac70\ub098 N\uc758 \ubc1c\uc5b8\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uace0 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4 \ud6c4 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uce21\uc5d0 \uacc4\uc57d \uc885\ub8cc \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ubcc4\ub3c4\ub85c \ud655\uc778\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 2021. 10. 22.\ubd80\ud130 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc740 \ub2f4\ub2f9 \uc5c5\ubb34\uac00 \ub9c8\ubb34\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \ucd94\uac00 \uc5c5\ubb34\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc81c1\uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04 \uc804\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub85c \uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \uc81c1\uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc\ub85c \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \uc885\ub8cc\ub428.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2018. 5. 30. \uc120\uace0 2014\ub2e49632 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**:\n- **\ubd88\uc774\uc775\ucde8\uae09 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704**: \ub178\uc870\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c1\ud638\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ub418\uac70\ub098 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \uae08\uc9c0\ud568.\n- **\uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704**: \ub178\uc870\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c4\ud638\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \uae08\uc9c0\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- **\ubd88\uc774\uc775\ucde8\uae09**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc6d0\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ub610\ud55c, \uac31\uc2e0 \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\uc808\uc744 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ucde8\uae09 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub294 \uc9c0\uc5ed\ub178\uc870 \uac00\uc785\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uba70, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc774\uc911\uac00\uc785\uc774 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc810\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc6d0\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud0c8\ud1f4\ub97c \uc885\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub294 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ucde8\uae09 \ubc0f \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c1\ud638\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c4\ud638\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c5\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0 \uae30\ub300\uad8c \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \uba85\ud655\uc131**\uc744 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, **\ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900**\uacfc **\ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704**\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ub610\ud55c, **\uad6c\ub450\uc0c1\uc758 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uac00 \ud574\uace0 \ub610\ub294 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uba85\ud655\ud574\uc57c \ud568**\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0 \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc0c1 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uaddc\uc815 \uc678\uc5d0 **\uad00\ud589\uc774\ub098 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc57d\uc18d\uc774 \uc785\uc99d\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c \uc27d\uac8c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c**\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 대법원 2020. 4. 29. 선고 2018다263519 판결
원고 근로자들의 제1근로계약 갱신에 관한 기대권 존부
- 법리: 기간제 근로계약은 기간 만료로 종료되는 것이 원칙이나, 근로계약, 취업규칙, 단체협약 등에 갱신 규정이 있거나, 그러한 규정이 없더라도 근로관계의 여러 사정을 종합하여 갱신에 대한 정당한 기대권이 인정되는 경우, 부당한 갱신 거절은 부당해고와 동일한 효력이 없음.
- 판단:
- 제1근로계약은 계약기간을 명시하고 있을 뿐, 갱신에 관한 규정이 없음.
- 제2근로계약은 B과 체결된 것으로, 참가인과의 제1근로계약 갱신 기대권의 근거가 될 수 없음.
- 제2근로계약의 '담당 공종이 종료된 경우'는 원고 근로자들의 계약기간 만료일 이전 담당 업무 종료를 의미하며, 재하도급공사 종료를 의미한다고 보기 어려움.
- N으로부터 2022. 6. 30.까지 고용이 보장된다는 주장을 인정할 객관적인 증거가 없음.
- 해당 통보 당시 원고 근로자들이 담당한 업무는 완료되었으며, 제1근로계약이 공사 완료 시까지 갱신된다는 규정이나 관행이 존재한다고 볼 자료가 없음.
- 해당 단체협약은 지역노조 조합원에게 적용되며, 비조합원인 근로자들에게 적용된다고 보기 어렵고, 일반론을 규정한 것에 불과하여 갱신 기대권의 근거가 될 수 없음.
- 결론: 원고 근로자들에게 제1근로계약의 갱신에 관한 기대권이 인정된다고 보기 어려움.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2014. 2. 13. 선고 2011두12528 판결
- 대법원 2017. 10. 12. 선고 2015두44493 판결
해당 통보의 해고 해당 여부
-