서울북부지방법원 | 2019-06-25 | 2018나35538
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로계약의 유효성 및 임금 지급 의무 부존재 확인
결과 요약
- 근로자의 항소를 기각하고, 항소비용은 근로자가 부담함.
- 원고와 해당 회사 사이에 근로계약이 체결되었다고 보기 어렵고, 근로자가 해당 회사에 종속된 근로자로서 근로를 제공하였다고 보기도 어려워, 해당 회사에게 임금지급의무 내지 부당이득반환의무가 없다고 판단함.
- 설령 근로계약이 체결되었다 하더라도, 계약 체결 당시 해당 회사 대표이사의 권한에 중대한 하자가 있어 근로계약이 무효라고 판단함.
사실관계
- 해당 회사는 도시환경정비사업 시행업 등을 목적으로 설립된 주식회사로, D정비구역의 도시환경정비사업 시행자였으나 2018. 9. 6. 사업이 재개발사업으로 변경되며 사업시행자 지위를 상실함.
- 이 사건 개발위원회는 해당 회사의 업무에 대해 사전 의결을 할 목적으로 D정비구역의 토지등소유자가 모여 만든 별개 단체임.
- 근로자는 이 사건 개발위원회 위원장 겸 해당 회사 대표이사 F이 2016. 4. 23. 자신을 근로자로 채용하여 2017. 3. 24. 해고될 때까지 해당 회사에 근로를 제공하였다고 주장하며, 미지급 월급여 및 상여금 28,404,840원의 지급을 청구함.
- 근로자는 이 사건 개발위원회의 부위원장으로 선임되었으나, 해당 회사의 임원이 아닌 근로자로서 청구하는 것이라고 주장함.
- 해당 회사는 원고와 근로계약서를 체결하지 않았고, 근로자가 해당 회사를 위해 근무하지도 않았으며, 근로자는 이 사건 개발위원회의 부위원장으로서 근로자로 볼 수 없다고 주장함.
- 해당 회사는 또한 F이 이 사건 개발위원회 위원장으로 선출된 결의가 무효로 확인되었으므로, F과 원고 사이의 근로계약도 무효라고 주장함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로자가 해당 회사의 근로자인지 여부 및 임금 지급 의무의 존부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지는 계약의 형식보다 실질적인 근로관계의 내용을 기준으로 판단함. 즉, 사용자에 대한 종속성, 업무 내용의 지시 여부, 근무시간 및 장소의 지정 여부, 보수의 성격 등을 종합적으로 고려함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자가 해당 회사의 근로자로 등록되어 근로소득세 및 국민건강보험료가 원천징수된 사실은 인정되나, 이것만으로는 근로자로 인정하기 부족함.
- 개발위원회 부위원장이 해당 회사의 당연 임원이나 직원이 아님은 원고도 인정하고 있으며, 개발위원회 부위원장이 지급받던 급여는 개발위원회 자치규약에 따라 개발위원회가 상근임원에게 지급한 것으로 보임. 따라서 해당 회사에 청구할 수 없음.
- 원고와 해당 회사 사이에 근로계약서가 존재하지 않음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울북부지방법원 제3민사부 판결
사건: 2018나35538 임금등 원고,항소인: A 피고,피항소인: 주식회사 B 소송대리인 법무법인 이보 담당변호사 조하늘 제1심판결: <case_cite ref="서울북부지방법원/2017가소38182">서울북부지방법원 2018. 7. 12. 선고 2017가소38182 판결</case_cite> 변론종결: 2019. 4. 30. 판결선고: 2019. 6. 25.
1. 원고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 원고가 부담한다.
1. 기초사실 가. 피고는 도시환경정비사업 시행업, 부동산 개발업을 목적으로 2011.8.30. 설립된 주식회사로서(이하 '피고 회사'라 한다), 도시환경정비사업구역으로 지정된 서울 성북구 C 일대(이하 'D정비구역'이라 한다)의 도시환경정비사업 시행자였다가, 2018. 9. 6. 위 사업이 재개발사업으로 변경되면서 사업시행자의 지위를 상실하였다. 한편 이와 별도로 E개발위원회(이하 '이 사건 개발위원회'라 한다)는 피고 회사가 수행하는 업무에 대해 사전 의결을 할 목적으로 D정비구역의 토지등소유자가 모여 만든 별개 단체이다. 나. 피고 회사의 정관 중 이 사건과 관련된 부분은 별지1 기재와 같다. 다. 한편 이 사건
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\uccb4\uacb0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc5d0 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \ud558\uc790\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ud658\uacbd\uc815\ube44\uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc2dc\ud589\uc5c5 \ub4f1\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac\ub85c, D\uc815\ube44\uad6c\uc5ed\uc758 \ub3c4\uc2dc\ud658\uacbd\uc815\ube44\uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc2dc\ud589\uc790\uc600\uc73c\ub098 2018. 9. 6. \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc774 \uc7ac\uac1c\ubc1c\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\ub418\uba70 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc2dc\ud589\uc790 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc758\uacb0\uc744 \ud560 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 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\uac74\uac15\ubcf4\ud5d8\ub8cc \ub0a9\ubd80\ud655\uc778\uc11c\uac00 \uc9c4\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc131\ub41c \uac83\uc778\uc9c0 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub294 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\uc558\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \ubd80\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc744 \uacb8\ud558\ub294 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uba74, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc885\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 \uc81c\ucd9c\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc77c\uc9c0(\uac11 \uc81c9\ud638\uc99d)\ub294 \uacb0\uc7ac\ub780\uc774 '\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5, \ubd80\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5, \ub2f4\ub2f9\uc790' \ud615\uc2dd\uc774\uba70, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ubc95\uc778\uaca9\uc778 \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uba85\uc2dc\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 'B'\ub85c\ub9cc \uae30\uc7ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc791\uc131\ub41c \uc11c\ub958\ub77c\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc704 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc77c\uc9c0\uac00 \uc9c4\uc815\ud558\uac8c \uc791\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub3c4 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud568.\n- \uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc815\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \uccb4\uacb0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc885\uc18d\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b0\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08\uc9c0\uae09\uc758\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubd80\ub2f9\uc774\ub4dd\ubc18\ud658\uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \uad8c\ud55c\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ub300\ud45c\uad8c \uc5c6\ub294 \uc790\uac00 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc774\uba70, \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uc774 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc54c\uc558\uac70\ub098 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- F\uc740 2016. 4. 22. \uc784\uc2dc\uc8fc\ubbfc\ucd1d\ud68c \uacb0\uc758\ub85c \uc120\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \uc704 \uacb0\uc758\ub294 \uc18c\uc9d1\uad8c\ud55c \uc5c6\uc774 \uc18c\uc9d1\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \ud1a0\uc9c0\ub4f1\uc18c\uc720\uc790\uc758 1/3\uc758 \uc18c\uc9d1\uccad\uad6c \uc5c6\uc774 \uc18c\uc9d1\ub41c \ucd1d\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uacb0\uc758\ub41c \uc911\ub300\ud55c \ud558\uc790\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\ub294 \ud310\uacb0\uc774 \uc120\uace0\ub418\uc5b4 \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- F \ubc0f \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5 \ubc0f \ubd80\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc9c1\ubb34\uc9d1\ud589\uc744 \uc815\uc9c0\ud558\uace0, 2016. 4. 22.\uc790 \ucd1d\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uacb0\uc758\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc744 \uc815\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \uac00\ucc98\ubd84\uacb0\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- F\uc740 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc9d5\uc5ed\ud615\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ubc1b\uc544 \ud655\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ub4f1\uae30\ubd80\ub4f1\ubcf8\uc0c1 2016. 5. 3.\uc790 \uc8fc\uc8fc\ucd1d\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uc784\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub4f1\uae30\ub428.\n- \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc774\uc640 \uac19\ub2e4\uba74 F\uc740 2016. 4. 22.\uc790 \uc784\uc2dc\uc8fc\ubbfc\ucd1d\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 \uadf8 \uacb0\uc758\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc774\uace0 \uadf8 \ud558\uc790\uac00 \uc911\ub300\ud558\uc5ec F\uc774 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uac1c\ubc1c\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc774\ub098 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \ud589\ud55c \uc6d0\uace0\uc640\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \uad8c\ud55c \uc5c6\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc790\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uac83\uc774\uace0, \ub2f9\uc2dc \ubd80\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc774\ub358 \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uadf8\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc54c\uac70\ub098 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubd04\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, F\uacfc \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uccb4\uacb0\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uc5ed\uc2dc \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc744 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0, \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uad8c \uc720\ubb34\ub97c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud788 \uc2ec\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\uc784.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc11c\ub958(\uadfc\ub85c\uc18c\ub4dd\uc9c0\uae09\uba85\uc138\uc11c, \uac74\uac15\ubcf4\ud5d8\ub8cc \ub0a9\ubd80\ud655\uc778\uc11c)\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc218\ud589 \ubc29\uc2dd, \uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \uc720\ubb34, \ub2e4\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc640\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \ub300\ud45c\uad8c\uc5d0 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \ud558\uc790\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uadf8 \ud558\uc790\ub97c \uc54c\uc558\uac70\ub098 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uacfc\uc758 \uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec, \uacc4\uc57d \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uc758 \uc8fc\uc758 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uc740 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc815\ube44\uc0ac\uc5c5 \uad00\ub828 \ub2e8\uccb4\ub4e4 \uac04\uc758 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uad00\uacc4 \uc18d\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ubd84\uc7c1\uc73c\ub85c, \ub2e8\uccb4 \uac04\uc758 \ubc95\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\uc640 \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc95\uc801 \ub9ac\uc2a4\ud06c\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c."}
- 근로자가 주장하는 급여 지급 기간 동안의 근로소득지급명세서나 건강보험료 납부확인서가 진정으로 작성된 것인지 불분명함.
- 해당 회사의 다른 근로자는 명시적으로 근로계약서를 작성하고 급여를 지급받았음.
- 근로자가 이 사건 개발위원회의 부위원장을 겸하는 지위에서 해당 회사의 업무를 수행하였다면, 해당 회사에 종속되어 근로를 제공하였다고 보기 어려움.
- 원고 제출의 업무일지(제출된 증거)는 결재란이 '위원장, 부위원장, 담당자' 형식이며, 해당 회사의 법인격인 주식회사가 명시되지 않고 'B'로만 기재되어 있어 해당 회사의 활동과정에서 작성된 서류라고 단정하기 어려움.
- 위 업무일지가 진정하게 작성되었는지 여부도 불분명함.
- 위와 같은 사정들을 종합할 때, 원고와 해당 회사 사이에 근로계약이 체결되었다고 보기 어렵고, 근로자가 해당 회사에 종속된 근로자로서 근로를 제공하였다고 보기도 어려우므로, 해당 회사에게 임금지급의무 내지 부당이득반환의무가 없다고 판단함.
근로계약 체결 권한의 유효성
- 법리: 대표권 없는 자가 체결한 계약은 무효이며, 상대방이 그 사실을 알았거나 알 수 있었을 경우에도 무효임.
- 법원의 판단:
- F은 2016. 4. 22. 임시주민총회 결의로 선임되었으나, 위 결의는 소집권한 없이 소집되었으며 토지등소유자의 1/3의 소집청구 없이 소집된