서울고등법원 | 2020-07-17 | 2019나2051285
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
상시 4인 이하 사업장의 근로기준법 적용 여부 및 민법상 해고의 부득이한 사유 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 항소를 기각하고, 항소비용은 근로자가 부담함.
사실관계
- 회사는 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업장임.
- 원고와 회사는 근로계약서에 "이 계약에 정함이 없는 사항은 근로기준법령에 의함"이라는 조항(해당 계약조항)을 포함하여 근로계약을 체결함.
- 회사는 D와 C 케이블카 운영 및 시설관리를 위한 인력지원 용역계약을 체결하였으며, 용역계약에는 파견근로자가 D의 업무지시를 어기거나 사업장 질서를 문란하게 할 경우 D가 회사에게 해고를 요구할 수 있고, 회사는 이를 수용해야 한다는 내용이 포함됨.
- 회사는 이 용역계약에 따라 근로자를 C 케이블카 현장에 파견함.
- 근로자는 C 케이블카 현장에서 근무 중 술을 마시고 D의 대표에게 불만을 표시하며 언쟁을 벌이고, 동료 직원들에게 욕설 및 폭력을 행사하는 등 불화를 일으킴.
- D는 회사에게 이 사건 용역계약에 따라 근로자를 해고하고 새로운 근로자를 파견해 줄 것을 요구함.
- 회사는 근로자를 해고함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법상 해고 제한 규정 위반 여부
- 쟁점: 상시 4명 이하 사업장에서 근로계약서에 "근로기준법령에 따름" 조항이 있을 경우, 근로기준법 제23조 제1항(정당한 이유 없는 해고 금지) 및 제27조(서면 통지)가 적용되는지 여부.
- 법리:
- 근로기준법 제11조 제2항 및 같은 법 시행령 제7조에 따라 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업장에는 근로기준법의 일부 조항만 적용됨.
- 근로기준법 제23조 제1항 및 제27조는 상시 4명 이하 사업장에 적용되지 않음.
- 근로계약서의 "이 계약에 정함이 없는 사항은 근로기준법령에 의함" 조항은 근로계약서의 내용상 공백을 보충하고 분쟁을 방지하기 위한 것으로, 근로기준법 제11조 제2항에 따라 상시 4명 이하 사업장에 적용되는 조항들을 적용한다는 취지로 해석함이 타당함.
- 이 조항이 근로기준법 제11조를 배제하여 상시 4명 이하 사업장에 적용되지 않는 조항들까지 적용하기 위한 특별한 규정으로 보기는 어려움.
- 법원의 판단:
- 해당 계약조항은 근로기준법 제11조 제2항에 따라 상시 4명 이하 사업장에 적용되는 근로기준법 조항들을 적용한다는 취지로 보아야 함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울고등법원 제15민사부 판결
사건: 2019나2051285 해고무효확인 원고,항소인: A 소송대리인 법무법인 정세 담당변호사 노정연 피고,피항소인: 주식회사 B 소송대리인 법무법인 케이앤오 담당변호사 김주상 제1심판결: <case_cite ref="서울중앙지방법원/2018가합562990">서울중앙지방법원 2019. 10. 24. 선고 2018가합562990 판결</case_cite> 변론종결: 2020. 6. 12. 판결선고: 2020. 7. 17.
1. 원고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 원고가 부담한다.
1. 제1심판결의 인용 이 법원이 이 사건에 관하여 설시할 이유는, 원고가 제1심에 이어서 거듭 강조하거나 새롭게 내세우는 항소이유에 관하여 아래와 같은 판단을 추가하는 외에는 제1심판결의 그것과 같으므로, 민사소송법 제420조 본문에 의하여 이를 그대로 인용한다. 2. 항소이유에 관한 판단 가. 원고의 주장 1) 근로기준법상 해고 제한 규정 위반 피고가 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업장에 해당하지만, 원고와 피고는 근로계약(이하 '이 사건 근
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\ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1993. 11. 9. \uc120\uace0 93\ub2e47464 \ud310\uacb0**\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1993. 9. 24. \uc120\uace0 93\ub2044199 \ud310\uacb0**\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870(\uc801\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704)**\n- \u2461 \uc774 \ubc95\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uba85 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc774 \ubc95\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870(\ud574\uace0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc81c\ud55c)**\n- \u2460 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud574\uace0, \ud734\uc9c1, \uc815\uc9c1, \uc804\uc9c1, \uac10\ubd09, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uc9d5\ubc8c(\u61f2\u7f70)\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870(\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc608\uace0)**\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0(\uacbd\uc601\uc0c1 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4)\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 30\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\uace0, 30\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 30\uc77c\ubd84 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ucc9c\uc7ac\u318d\uc0ac\ubcc0, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub610\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uace0\uc758\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc0c1 \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ub07c\uce5c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub85c\uc11c \uace0\uc6a9\ub178\ub3d9\ubd80\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870(\ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0)**\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c7\uc870(\uc801\uc6a9\ubc94\uc704)**\n- \ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870\uc81c2\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uba85 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc95 \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \ubcc4\ud45c 1\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.\n### \ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720 \uc874\ubd80\n- **\uc7c1\uc810:** \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c661\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:**\n- \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uace0\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c661\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub9cc \ud574\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uacc4\uc57d \uc874\uc18d\uc744 \uac15\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 D\uc640\uc758 \uc6a9\uc5ed\uacc4\uc57d \uc774\ud589\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud30c\uacac\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 D\uc758 \ub300\ud45c \ubc0f \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5b8\uc7c1, \uc695\uc124, \ud3ed\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec D\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0 \uad50\uccb4\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ubb34\uc7a5\uc18c\uc640 \ub2f4\ub2f9\uc5c5\ubb34\uac00 C \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uce74 \ud604\uc7a5 \uc6b4\uc601 \ubc0f \uc2dc\uc124\uad00\ub9ac\ub85c \ud55c\uc815\ub41c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ub2ec\uc131\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub41c \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d \uc874\uc18d\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc774\ud589\uc744 \uac15\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0 \uc774\ub984.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc6a9\uc5ed\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \uc791\uc131 \uc2dc\uc810\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uc124\ub839 \uc6a9\uc5ed\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uac00 \ud574\uace0 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc791\uc131\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 D\uc758 \uad50\uccb4 \uc694\uad6c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud574\uc9c4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc5d0\ub294 \ubcc0\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c661\uc870(\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc57d\uc815\uc788\ub294 \uace0\uc6a9\uc758 \ud574\uc9c0\ud1b5\uace0)**\n- \uace0\uc6a9\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uc788\ub294 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uac01 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \ud574\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790 \uc77c\ubc29\uc758 \uacfc\uc2e4\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc0dd\uae34 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ubc30\uc0c1\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uba85 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud574\uc11d\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568. \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc900\uc218 \uc870\ud56d\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud574\ub2f9 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uc870\ud56d\uc5d0 \ud55c\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \uc774\ub294 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uc11d\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18\uc774 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 \ud310\ub840\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec, \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud30c\uacac \uc6a9\uc5ed\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud574\uc9c4 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ub428. \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uadc0\ucc45\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801 \ub2ec\uc131\uc744 \uc800\ud574\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 따라서 상시 4명 이하 사업장인 피고와 원고 사이의 근로계약에는 근로기준법 제23조 제1항, 제27조가 적용되지 않음.
근로기준법상 해고예고의무 위반 여부 및 그 효력
- 쟁점: 회사가 해고예고를 하지 않았거나 해고예고수당을 지급하지 않은 경우, 해당 해고가 무효인지 여부.
- 법리:
- 근로기준법 제11조 제2항, 같은 법 시행령 제7조에 따라 근로기준법 제26조(해고예고)는 상시 4명 이하 사업장에도 적용됨.
- 사용자가 해고예고를 하지 않거나 해고예고수당을 지급하지 않은 경우, 해고예고수당 지급 의무는 발생하나, 그 사정만으로 해고 자체가 무효가 되는 것은 아님.
- 법원의 판단:
- 회사가 해고예고를 하지 않았다고 하더라도, 해고예고수당을 지급해야 하는 것은 별론으로 하고, 그 사정만으로 해당 해고가 무효라고 볼 수 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1993. 11. 9. 선고 93다7464 판결
- 대법원 1993. 9. 24. 선고 93누4199 판결
- 근로기준법 제11조(적용 범위)
- ② 이 법은 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업 또는 사업장에 대하여는 대통령령으로 정하는 바에 따라 이 법의 일부 규정을 적용할 수 있다.
- 근로기준법 제23조(해고 등의 제한)
-
① 사용자는 근로자에게 정당한 이유 없이 해고, 휴직, 정직, 전직, 감봉, 그 밖의 징벌(懲罰)을 하지 못한다.
- 근로기준법 제26조(해고의 예고)
- 사용자는 근로자를 해고(경영상 이유에 의한 해고를 포함한다)