대전지방법원 | 2016-04-21 | 2015구합104915
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
기간제 근로자의 갱신기대권 인정 여부 및 부당해고 판단 기준
결과 요약
- 원고(지방자치단체)가 피고 보조참가인들(기간제 근로자)에게 행한 근로계약기간 만료 통보가 부당해고에 해당하지 않으므로, 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정을 취소함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 지방자치단체로 C보건소를 운영하며, 피고 보조참가인 A은 2009. 1. 1., 피고 보조참가인 B는 2012. 4. 1. 근로자에 기간제 근로자로 입사하여 C보건소에서 방문간호사로 근로함.
- 피고 보조참가인들은 2014. 12. 31.자로 근로계약기간 만료 통보를 받음.
- 피고 보조참가인들은 근로자의 근로계약기간 만료 통보가 부당해고 및 부당노동행위에 해당한다고 주장하며 부산지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 함.
- 부산지방노동위원회는 2015. 6. 2. 피고 보조참가인들의 근로계약 갱신에 대한 기대권이 인정되고, 근로자의 갱신거절에 합리적인 이유가 없다는 이유로 부당해고 구제신청을 인용하고, 부당노동행위 구제신청은 기각함.
- 근로자는 위 초심판정에 불복하여 중앙노동위원회에 재심을 신청하였으나, 중앙노동위원회는 2015. 9. 11. 근로자의 재심신청을 기각함.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정에 불복하여 해당 소를 제기함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
기간제 근로자의 갱신기대권 인정 여부
- 법리: 근로계약, 취업규칙, 단체협약 등에서 기간만료에도 불구하고 일정한 요건이 충족되면 당해 근로계약이 갱신된다는 취지의 규정을 두고 있거나, 그러한 규정이 없더라도 근로계약의 내용과 근로계약이 이루어지게 된 동기 및 경위, 계약 갱신의 기준 등 갱신에 관한 요건이나 절차의 설정 여부 및 그 실태, 근로자가 수행하는 업무의 내용 등 당해 근로관계를 둘러싼 여러 사정을 종합하여 볼 때 근로계약 당사자 사이에 일정한 요건이 충족되면 근로계약이 갱신된다는 신뢰관계가 형성되어 있어 근로자에게 근로계약이 갱신될 수 있으리라는 정당한 기대권이 인정되는 경우에는, 사용자가 이를 위반하여 부당하게 근로계약의 갱신을 거절하는 것은 부당해고와 마찬가지로 아무런 효력이 없음.
- 법원의 판단:
- 피고 보조참가인들과 근로자는 근로계약을 체결할 때마다 1년 단위로 계약기간을 명시하였고, 근로계약서에 계약기간 단축 가능성 및 해지 사유를 명시함.
- 근로계약, 취업규칙, 단체협약 등에 일정한 요건이 충족되면 근로계약이 갱신된다는 취지의 규정이나 갱신에 관한 요건 또는 절차를 설정하는 규정이 없음.
- 기간제법 제4조 제1항, 제2항의 입법 취지를 고려할 때, 기간제법 시행 이후 신규로 체결된 기간제 근로계약은 2년 이내에 종료될 것으로 예정되는 것이 일반적임.
- 통합 전 방문건강관리사업은 기간제법 예외조항에 해당하여 2년을 초과하여 사용 가능했으므로, 당시의 계약 갱신은 갱신기대권 발생의 사유로 보기 어려움.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 중앙노동위원회가 2015. 9. 11. 원고와 피고 보조참가인들 사이의 중앙 2015부해649 부당해고구제 재심신청 사건에 관하여 한 재심판정을 취소한다. 2. 소송비용 중 보조참가로 인한 부분은 피고 보조참가인들이 부담하고, 나머지 부분은 피고가 부담한다.
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\uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \uc785\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec C\ubcf4\uac74\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc29\ubb38\uac04\ud638\uc0ac\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc870\ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 2014. 12. 31.\uc790\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc870\ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \ud1b5\ubcf4\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \ubd80\uc0b0\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud568.\n- \ubd80\uc0b0\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2015. 6. 2. \ud53c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc870\ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 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\uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1\uc758 \uae30\ub300\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec '\uae30\ub300\uad8c'\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc870\ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 2012\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub9e4\ud574 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\uc558\uace0, 2014\ub144 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ub9cc\ub8cc \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\uc74c.\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \ubb34\uae30\uacc4\uc57d\uc9c1 \uc804\ud658 \uad50\uc12d \ubc0f \uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uad8c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc7ac\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0\uc744 \uac70\uc808\ud558\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud574\uc654\uc74c\uc744 \ub4dc\ub7ec\ub0b4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc815\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2014\ub144 12\uc6d4 \ud1b5\ud569 \ud6c4 \ubc29\ubb38\uac74\uac15\uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc885\uc0ac\ud560 \uc778\ub825\uc744 \uc2dc\uac04\uc120\ud0dd\uc81c\uc784\uae30\uc81c \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ucc44\uc6a9\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc2dc\ud5d8 \uacf5\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uc7ac\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc744 \ubc30\uc81c \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uc870\uce58\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc870\ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \ucc44\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc758 \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2013. 1. 1. \uc774\ud6c4 \ub450 \ucc28\ub840 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uac31\uc2e0\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubcf4\uac74\ubcf5\uc9c0\ubd80\uc758 \uae34\uae09\uc9c0\uc2dc\uc0ac\ud56d \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\ub97c \ubb34\uae30\uacc4\uc57d\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uacfc \uc9c1\uacb0\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \ud53c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc870\ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc870\ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc\ub428.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\uae30\uac04\uc81c \ubc0f \ub2e8\uc2dc\uac04\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c4\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d**: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 2\ub144\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub294 \ubc94\uc704 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c(\uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ubc18\ubcf5\uac31\uc2e0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\ud55c \ucd1d\uae30\uac04\uc774 2\ub144\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub294 \ubc94\uc704 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c) \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2011. 4. 14. \uc120\uace0 2007\ub4501729 \ud310\uacb0**: \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0\uae30\ub300\uad8c \uc778\uc815 \uc694\uac74 \ubc0f \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\uc808\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub9ac.\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 2. 13. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub45012528 \ud310\uacb0**: \uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc2dc\ud589 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud615\uc131\ub41c \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \ubc30\uc81c \ub610\ub294 \uc81c\ud55c\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \ubc95\ub9ac.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0\uae30\ub300\uad8c \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \uac31\uc2e0 \uad00\ub828 \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \ubd80\uc7ac, \uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95\uc758 \uc785\ubc95 \ucde8\uc9c0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc7ac\uacc4\uc57d \uac70\uc808 \uc758\uc0ac \ud45c\uc2dc \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95\uc758 \uc608\uc678 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub358 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \uac31\uc2e0\uae30\ub300\uad8c \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud568.\n- \uc815\ubd80 \ubd80\ucc98\uc758 \uc9c0\uce68\uc774\ub098 \uad8c\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0\uae30\ub300\uad8c \ud615\uc131 \uc758\uc0ac\ub85c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc5f0\uacb0\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uacc4\uc57d \uc790\uc720\ub97c \uc874\uc911\ud558\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9 \uc548\uc815\uacfc \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uc0c1 \uc720\uc5f0\uc131 \ud655\ubcf4\ub77c\ub294 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uc870\ud654\ub86d\uac8c \uace0\ub824\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ub178\ub825\uc774 \uc5ff\ubcf4\uc784."}
- 통합 후 방문건강관리사업이 기간제법 적용을 받게 된 2013. 1. 1.부터 피고 보조참가인들이 근로한 기간은 2년을 초과하지 않음.
- 보건복지부의 무기계약직 전환 협조 요청 공문은 사용자인 근로자의 의사와 무관한 제3자의 영역에서 이루어진 사실상의 기대에 불과하여 '기대권'이 발생한다고 볼 수 없음.
- 피고 보조참가인들은 2012년까지 매해 퇴직금을 지급받았고, 2014년 근로계약 만료 후에도 퇴직금을 지급받음.
- 노동조합의 무기계약직 전환 교섭 및 지방노동위원회의 권고는 근로자가 재계약 체결을 거절하는 의사를 지속적으로 표시해왔음을 드러내는 사정임.
- 근로자는 2014년 12월 통합 후 방문건강관리사업에 종사할 인력을 시간선택제임기제 공무원으로 채용하기 위한 시험 공고를 하였고, 이는 재계약 체결 기대권을 배제 내지 제한하는 조치로 보임.
- 피고 보조참가인들은 기간제법 시행 이후에 채용되었고, 계약 갱신의 기대권이 인정되지 않음.
- 근로자가 2013. 1. 1. 이후 두 차례 계약을 갱신한 것은 보건복지부의 긴급지시사항 및 노동조합의 요구에 따른 것으로, 이를 무