서울행정법원 | 2020-11-26 | 2019구합87771
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
기간제 근로자의 갱신기대권 인정 및 갱신거절의 합리적 이유 부존재에 따른 부당해고 인정 사건
결과 요약
- 근로자의 재심판정 취소 청구를 기각함.
- 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 근로자가 부담함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 1975. 9. 3. 설립되어 노인 복지 사업을 하는 사단법인임.
- 참가인은 2017. 4.경 근로자의 D연수원에 입사하여 시설관리업무를 수행함.
- 근로자는 2019. 4. 17. 참가인에게 근로계약 기간 만료를 통보하며 근로계약 관계를 종료함.
- 참가인은 해당 근로계약 종료가 부당해고라고 주장하며 전북지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였고, 전북지방노동위원회는 갱신기대권이 있는 기간제근로자에 대한 합리적 이유 없는 계약갱신 거절은 부당해고라고 판단하여 참가인의 구제신청을 인용함.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회에 재심을 신청하였으나, 중앙노동위원회는 초심판정과 동일한 이유로 근로자의 재심신청을 기각함.
- 근로자는 해당 재심판정의 취소를 구하는 소를 제기함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
기간의 정함이 없는 근로계약을 체결한 근로자로 전환되었는지 여부
- 참가인이 2017. 4. 17. 이전에 D연수원에서 시설 관리 업무 등을 수행한 사실은 인정됨.
- 그러나 원고와 참가인이 근로 시작일을 '2017. 4. 17.'로 정한 것은 참가인이 급여가 높은 E리조트에서 최대한 오래 임금을 받으려는 의사를 반영한 것으로 보임.
- 참가인은 실제로 E리조트에서 2017. 4. 15.까지 급여를 받았고 퇴사 처리도 2017. 4. 15.에 이루어짐.
- 참가인이 E리조트 대표의 권유로 이직하였고 D연수원이 E리조트 내에 위치하여 E리조트 측에서 참가인이 D연수원 업무에 미리 적응하도록 편의를 봐준 것으로 보이나, 이를 참가인이 D연수원에서 본격적으로 근무를 시작했다고 보기는 어려움.
- 참가인이 2017. 4. 17. 전에 D연수원 업무 일부를 수행했더라도 임금을 목적으로 한 근로 제공이 아니고 근로자의 지시·감독이 있었다고 볼 사정도 없음.
- 근로자가 참가인에게 임금을 지급하고 근로를 제공받기 시작한 날은 2017. 4. 17.로 봄이 상당하며, 그로부터 2년이 경과하기 전에 근로계약 종료를 통보하였으므로, 참가인은 '기간의 정함이 없는 근로계약을 체결한 근로자'로 전환되었다고 볼 수 없음.
갱신기대권 인정 여부
- 근로계약, 취업규칙, 단체협약 등에 갱신 규정이 없더라도 근로관계를 둘러싼 여러 사정을 종합하여 근로계약 갱신에 대한 정당한 기대권이 인정되는 경우, 사용자가 부당하게 갱신을 거절하는 것은 부당해고와 동일하게 무효임.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울행정법원 제12부 판결
사건: 2019구합87771 부당해고구제재심판정취소 원고: 사단법인 A 소송대리인 법무법인 평안 담당변호사 이도현, 강민석 피고: 중앙노동위원회위원장 피고보조참가인: B 소송대리인 변호사 조근원 소송복대리인 변호사 양효경, 김현수 변론종결: 2020. 10. 8. 판결선고: 2020. 11. 26.
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
1. 재심판정의 경위 가. 원고는 1975. 9. 3. 설립되어 상시 약 60명의 근로자를 사용하여 노인의 권익신장 및 복지향상을 위한 사업을 하는 사단법인이다. 나. 참가인은 2017. 4.경 원고에 입사하여 산하기관인 D연수원에서 시설관리업무를 수행하였다. 다. 원고는 2019. 4. 17. 참가인에 근로계약 기간이 만료되어 근로계약 관계가 종료되었음을 통보하였다(이하 '이 사건 근로계약 종료'). 라. 참가인은 2019. 4. 26. 전북지방노동위원회에 '이 사건 근로계약 종료는 부당해고에 해당한다'고 주장하면서 구제신청을 하였다. 전북지방노동위원회는 2019. 6. 20.'갱신기대권이 존재하는 기간제근로자에 대하
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\uadfc\ubb34\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uae30\ub300\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74 \uc6d0\uace0\ub85c\uc758 \uc774\uc9c1 \uad8c\uc720\ub97c \uc218\ub77d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc2e0\uaddc \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc744 '2\ub144 \uacc4\uc57d\uc9c1'\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uc6a9\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc815\ub144\uc744 68\uc138\ub85c \uc815\ud558\uace0, 2\ub144 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc804 \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc7ac\uacc4\uc57d \ub610\ub294 \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1 \uc804\ud658 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud574 \uc654\uc74c.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uba3c\uc800 \uc785\uc0ac\ud55c 24\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc774\uc0c1 \uadfc\ubb34 \uc9c1\uc6d0(I, J)\uc740 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ud658\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1 \uc804\ud658 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c1\uc6d0 \ucc44\uc6a9 \uacf5\uace0 \uc2dc '2\ub144 \uacc4\uc57d\uc9c1(\uadfc\ubb34\uc131\uacfc \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ubb34\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c)'\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud568.\n- **\uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0\ub294 \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uc694\uac74\uc774 \ucda9\uc871\ub418\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \uac31\uc2e0\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5b4 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2011. 4. 14. \uc120\uace0 2007\ub4501729 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2016. 11. 10. \uc120\uace0 2014\ub45045765 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uac31\uc2e0\uac70\uc808\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801 \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\uc808\uc5d0 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801 \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uc131\uaca9, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \uc5ec\uac74, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ubc0f \ub2f4\ub2f9 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \uacbd\uc704, \uac31\uc2e0 \uc694\uac74\uc774\ub098 \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc124\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \uc6b4\uc6a9 \uc2e4\ud0dc, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720 \uc720\ubb34 \ub4f1 \uc81c\ubc18 \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uacf5\uc815\ud55c\uc9c0\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc99d\uba85\ucc45\uc784\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc\uc5d0\uc11c 1\ucc28 \ud3c9\uac00\uc790 L\uacfc 2\ucc28 \ud3c9\uac00\uc790 M\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub2a5\ub825 \ubc0f \uc2e4\uc801\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uacf5\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae0d\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ud568.\n- L\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd80\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uacac\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc2dc\uc124 \uad00\ub9ac \uc5c5\ubb34 \ud2b9\uc131\uc0c1 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc2e4\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb34\ub974\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc801\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70, M\uc740 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubb38\uc81c \uc0bc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c. M\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ud655\uc778\uc11c \uae30\uc7ac\ub294 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \ud3c9\uc815\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- I, J\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc740 \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc \uc810\uc218\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ub098, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub41c \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc\ud45c\ub294 \uc810\uc218 \ud3b8\ucc28\uac00 \ucee4 \uad6c\uc870\uc0c1 \ub354 \uc801\uc740 \uc810\uc218\uac00 \ub098\uc62c \ud655\ub960\uc774 \ucef8\uc73c\uba70, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \ud3c9\uc810 88\uc810\uc740 '\ubcf4\ud1b5' \ub4f1\uae09\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc544 \ub300\uccb4\ub85c \uc6b0\uc218\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \ud3c9\uac00\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc791\uc131\ud55c \uc2dc\ub9d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad50\uc721\uc790\ub8cc \uad00\ub9ac \uc18c\ud640\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \ubd84\uc2e4 \ud6c4 \ubc14\ub85c \ucc3e\uc544 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \ubd84\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc804\uac00\ub41c \uce21\uba74\uc774 \uc788\uc5b4 \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\ubd80 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c\ub294 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc0c1\ub300\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub192\uc740 \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ub098, \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uac31\uc2e0\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc548\ub3c4 \ub17c\uc758\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, D\uc5f0\uc218\uc6d0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uc885\ub8cc \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70 \uc7ac\uc815\uc801 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d\ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ub9dd\ub418\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\ub3c4 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- **\uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc744 \uac70\uc808\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc774\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2017. 10. 12. \uc120\uace0 2015\ub45044493 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0\uae30\ub300\uad8c \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\uc808\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801 \uc774\uc720 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc778\uc0ac \uad00\ud589\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uc2dc\uc791\uc77c \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc77c\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e4\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5 \ubc0f \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc2dc\uc810, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac \ub4f1\uc744 \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uc0b4\ud3b4\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc \uc810\uc218\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\uc808\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc\ud45c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc801 \ud2b9\uc131, \ud3c9\uac00\uc790\uc758 \uc8fc\uad00\uc131, \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uacfc\uc758 \ube44\uad50 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\uc808\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801 \uc774\uc720\ub97c \uc99d\uba85\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9 \uc548\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub428."}
- 참가인은 E리조트에서 정년까지 8년이 남아있었고 원고보다 높은 임금을 받고 있었으므로, D연수원에서 E리조트 정년보다 장기간 근무할 수 있다는 기대가 없었다면 원고로의 이직 권유를 수락하지 않았을 것으로 보임.
- 근로자는 신규 직원을 '2년 계약직'으로 임용하면서도 정년을 68세로 정하고, 2년 근로계약기간 만료 전 인사고과를 통해 재계약 또는 정규직 전환 여부를 결정해 왔음.
- 참가인보다 먼저 입사한 24개월 이상 근무 직원(I, J)은 동일한 인사고과 과정을 거쳐 정규직으로 전환되었고, 참가인에 대해서도 동일한 과정을 거쳐 정규직 전환 여부를 결정함.
- 근로자는 일반적으로 직원 채용 공고 시 '2년 계약직(근무성과 등에 따라 계속 근무할 수 있음)'이라고 명시하여 계약기간 만료 시 근로계약 갱신 가능성을 명시함.
- 원고와 참가인 사이에는 일정한 요건이 충족되면 근로계약이 갱신된다는 신뢰관계가 형성되어 있어 참가인에게 근로계약 갱신에 관한 정당한 기대권이 인정됨.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2011. 4. 14. 선고 2007두1729 판결
- 대법원 2016. 11. 10. 선고 2014두45765 판결
갱신거절의 합리적 이유가 있는지 여부
- 근로자에게 갱신에 대한 정당한 기대권이 인정되는 경우, 사용자의 갱신 거절에 합리적 이유가 있는지는 사용자의 사업 목적과 성격, 사업장 여건, 근로자의 지위 및