대구지방법원 | 2017-02-10 | 2016노4471
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
임금 미지급에 대한 근로기준법 위반죄의 고의 인정 여부
결과 요약
- 원심판결을 파기하고, 피고인에게 무죄를 선고함.
사실관계
- 피고인은 'E'의 실제 운영자로서 F을 고용하여 목재 가공, 합판 제조업을 영위하는 사용자임.
- F은 2014. 4.경 E에 입사하여 근무하다가 2015. 10. 5.경 사직서를 제출하였으나 반려되었고, 2015. 10. 8.경 다시 사직서를 제출하였으나 퇴사 사유 기재 문제로 수리되지 아니함.
- F은 2015. 10. 19.경 경북지방노동위원회에 부당대기발령(해고) 구제신청을 하였고, 대구지방고용노동청에 2015. 10. 8.부터 2015. 10. 15.까지의 임금 미지급에 대해 진정을 제기함.
- 2015. 11. 24. 경북지방노동위원회에서 E과 F 사이에 화해조서가 작성됨.
- F은 화해조서 작성 이후인 2015. 11. 30.에 2015. 10. 16.부터 2015. 11. 23.까지의 임금 미지급을 주장함.
- 대구지방고용노동청은 해당 기간의 임금 지급 여부에 대해 노동청에 질의하였고, '진정인이 노동위원회에 부당대기발령 구제신청을 하고 권고사직으로 화해한 이상 부당대기발령 주장을 철회한 것으로 볼 수 있으므로 대기기간에 대해 임금상당액 지급을 요구할 수 없다.'는 취지의 답변을 받음.
- 피고인은 F의 2015. 10. 16.부터 2015. 11. 23.까지의 통상 임금 2,079,987원을 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 지급하지 아니한 혐의로 기소됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법 위반죄의 고의 인정 여부
- 법리: 임금 등 지급의무의 존재에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있는 경우라면 사용자가 임금 등을 지급하지 아니한 데 상당한 이유가 있다고 보아야 할 것이어서 사용자에게 근로기준법 제36조, 제109조 제1항 위반죄의 고의가 있었다고 인정하기 어렵고, 임금 등 지급의무의 존부 및 범위에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있는지는 사용자의 지급거절 이유 및 지급의무의 근거, 사용자가 운영하는 회사의 조직과 규모, 사업 목적 등 제반 사항, 기타 임금 등 지급의무의 존부 및 범위에 관한 다툼 당시 제반 정황에 비추어 판단하여야 하며, 사후적으로 사용자의 민사상 지급책임이 인정된다고 하여 곧바로 사용자에게 같은 법 제36조, 제109조 제1항 위반죄의 고의가 인정된다고 단정해서는 안 됨.
- 법원의 판단:
- 화해조서상 근로계약관계 종료 시점이 2015. 11. 24.로 정해졌으나, 실제 F의 퇴사 시점에 대한 구체적인 합의는 없었음.
- 화해조서 작성 당시 F이 지급을 구하던 임금은 2015. 10. 8.부터 2015. 10. 15.까지의 기간에 대한 것이었으며, 화해조서 제2항은 근로계약관계 종료에 대해 향후 일체의 이의를 제기하지 아니한다고 규정하고 있음.
- 피고인은 화해조서 작성 후 2015. 10. 8.부터 2015. 10. 15.까지의 임금을 임의로 지급하였음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
대구지방법원 제6형사부 판결
사건: 2016노4471 근로기준법위반 피고인: A 항소인: 피고인 검사: 백승주(기소), 황윤재(공판) 원심판결: <case_cite ref="대구지방법원 서부지원/2016고정429">대구지방법원 서부지원 2016. 10. 14. 선고 2016고정429 판결</case_cite> 판결선고: 2017. 2. 10.
원심판결을 파기한다. 피고인은 무죄. 피고인에 대한 무죄판결의 요지를 공시한다.
1. 항소이유의 요지 F은 2015. 10. 16.부터 2015. 11. 23.경까지 실제 근로를 제공한 바가 없으므로 피고인은 위 기간 동안의 임금을 지급할 의무가 없고, 설령 피고인이 위 기간에 대한 임금지급의무를 부담한다 하더라도 피고인이 임금을 지급하지 아니한 데에는 상당한 이유가 있었으므로 피고인에게 근로기준법 위반죄의 고의가 있었다고 볼 수도 없다. 그런데도 원심이 이 사건 공소사실을 유죄로 인정한 것에는 사실을 오인하였거나 근로기준법 위반죄에 있어서 고의에 관한 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 잘못이 있다. 2. 판단 가. 이 사건 공소사실의 요지 피고인은 대구 달성군 D에 있는 'E'의 실제 운영자로서
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\uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uc5ec\ub3c4 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\uc758 \uc9c8\uc758\ub2f5\ubcc0\uc744 \ub178\ub3d9\uccad\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc1b\uc740 \ubc14 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 2015. 10. 16.\ubd80\ud130 2015. 11. 23.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09\uc758\ubb34\uc758 \uc874\ubd80 \ubc0f \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\ud234 \ub9cc\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 \ucda9\ubd84\ud568.\n- F\uc740 \ud68c\uc0ac \uce21\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc218\ub9ac \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2f5\ubcc0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \ucc44 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \ub300\uae30\ubc1c\ub839 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ud574\uace0\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uae30\uace0 \uc784\uc758\ub85c \ucd9c\uadfc\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uc600\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c F\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uacf5\uc18c\uc0ac\uc2e4 \uae30\uc7ac \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 F\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub300\uae30\ubc1c\ub839\uc744 \uba85\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uace0\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \ucc3e\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2015. 11. 5.\uacbd \uacbd\ubd81\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \ub2f5\ubcc0\uc11c\uc5d0\uc11c F\uc774 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc218\ub9ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \ucc44 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uadc0\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- F\uc774 2015. 10. 16.\ubd80\ud130 2015. 11. 23.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc810\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc798\ubabb\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uadf8 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec F\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- **\uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \uacf5\uc18c\uc0ac\uc2e4 \uae30\uc7ac \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 F\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud560 \uc218\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacf5\uc18c\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc758 \uc99d\uba85\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2011. 10. 27. \uc120\uace0 2010\ub3c414693 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c36\uc870 (\uae08\ud488 \uccad\uc0b0)\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c109\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d (\ubc8c\uce59)\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc704\ubc18\uc8c4\uc5d0\uc11c '\uace0\uc758'\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568. \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc784\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc758\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\uc758 \uc874\ubd80 \ubc0f \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ub2e4\ud234 \ub9cc\ud55c \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uc9c0\uae09 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub41c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec \uace7\ubc14\ub85c \ud615\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec, \ud615\uc0ac \ucc45\uc784\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ubc29\uc5b4\uad8c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ubcf8 \uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc640 \ud68c\uc0ac \uac04\uc758 \ud654\ud574\uc870\uc11c \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ub178\ub3d9\uccad\uc758 \uc9c8\uc758\ud68c\uc2e0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ucd9c\uadfc \uac70\ubd80 \uacbd\uc704 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc815\ud669\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc758 \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc784.\n- \uc774\ub294 \ud5a5\ud6c4 \uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc784\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud615\uc0ac \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc120\ub840\uac00 \ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784."}
- 대구지방고용노동청은 2015. 10. 16.부터 2015. 11. 24.까지의 임금을 지급하지 아니하여도 된다는 취지의 질의답변을 노동청으로부터 받은 바 있음.
- 따라서 피고인으로서는 2015. 10. 16.부터 2015. 11. 23.까지 기간에 대한 임금 지급의무의 존부 및 범위에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있었다고 보기에 충분함.
- F은 회사 측의 사직서 수리 여부에 대한 답변에 따르지 아니한 채 독자적 판단에 따라 자신이 대기발령 내지 해고된 것으로 여기고 임의로 출근을 하지 아니하였던 것으로 보임.
- 피고인이 일방적으로 F에게 근로를 제공할 기회를 부여하지 않았다고 단정할 수 없으며, 피고인이 공소사실 기재 기간 동안 F에 대해 대기발령을 명하는 등 고의적으로 업무를 부여하지 아니한 사실을 인정할 만한 증거를 찾기 어려움.
- 오히려 피고인은 2015. 11. 5.경 경북지방노동위원회에 제출한 답변서에서 F이 제출한 사직서를 수리하지 아니한 채 업무에 복귀할 기회를 주었던 것으로 보임.