서울행정법원 | 2017-06-15 | 2016구합5846
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
사직서 제출이 합의해지인지, 강요에 의한 해고인지 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자들의 사직서 제출은 강요에 의한 해고가 아닌 합의해지에 해당하므로, 부당해고가 아니라는 이유로 근로자들의 청구를 모두 기각함.
사실관계
- 참가인은 근로자파견업을 영위하는 법인으로, 근로자들은 2015. 10. 26. 참가인에 입사하여 D 물류창고에서 과자 포장작업을 담당함.
- 근로자들은 2015. 10. 30. 결근하였고, 2015. 11. 30. 배탈을 이유로 결근을 통보하였으나 관리자와 연락이 닿지 않음.
- 2015. 12. 1. 참가인의 현장소장 E은 출근한 근로자들에게 전날 결근을 질책하며 "이런 식으로 하면 앞으로 우리 회사랑 가기가 힘들다"고 말함.
- 같은 날, E은 근로자들 각자 명의의 사직서 2장을 제출받았고, 해당 근로관계가 종료됨.
- 근로자들은 해당 근로관계 종료가 부당해고라고 주장하며 경기지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였으나 기각됨.
- 근로자들은 중앙노동위원회에 재심을 신청하였으나, 초심과 같은 이유로 재심신청이 기각됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
사직서 제출이 합의해지인지, 강요에 의한 해고인지 여부
- 사용자가 근로자로부터 사직서를 제출받아 수리하는 의원면직의 형식을 취한 경우, 사직의 의사 없는 근로자로 하여금 어쩔 수 없이 사직서를 작성·제출하게 하였다면 실질적으로 사용자의 일방적인 의사에 의한 해고에 해당함.
- 그러나 그렇지 않은 경우, 사용자가 사직서 제출에 따른 사직의 의사표시를 수락함으로써 근로계약관계는 합의해지에 의해 종료되는 것이므로 사용자의 의원면직처분을 해고라고 볼 수 없음.
- 진의 아닌 의사표시에서 '진의'는 특정한 내용의 의사표시를 하고자 하는 표의자의 생각을 말하며, 표의자가 진정으로 마음속에서 바라지는 않았더라도 당시 상황에서 최선이라고 판단하여 의사표시를 한 경우 내심의 효과의사가 결여된 진의 아닌 의사표시로 볼 수 없음.
- 어떠한 의사표시가 비진의 의사표시로서 무효라고 주장하는 경우 그 입증책임은 주장하는 자에게 있음.
- 근로자 B에 관하여: 근로자 B가 사직서를 작성하여 제출한 사실은 다툼이 없으며, E이 결근을 질책한 사정만으로 해고를 통보했다고 인정하기 부족함. 참가인이 근로자 B로 하여금 어쩔 수 없이 사직서를 작성·제출하게 하였다거나, 사직서 제출이 강요에 의한 것이라거나 비진의 의사표시라는 증거가 없음.
- 근로자 A에 관하여:
- E은 근로자들의 결근을 질책했으나 반성하는 기미가 보이지 않아 회사를 그만두려는 의사로 생각하여 사직서 2장을 놓아두었고, 근로자 A은 사직서 작성 중 자리를 비웠다고 진술함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울행정법원 제13부 판결
사건: 2016구합5846 부당해고구제재심판정취소 원고: 1.A 2. B 피고: 중앙노동위원회위원장 피고보조참가인: 주식회사 C 변론종결: 2017. 5. 25. 판결선고: 2017. 6. 15.
1. 원고들의 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 모두 원고들이 부담한다.
1. 재심판정의 경위 가. 참가인은 상시 약 250명의 근로자를 사용하여 근로자파견업 등을 영위하는 법인이고, 원고들은 2015. 10. 26. 참가인에 입사하여 참가인이 근로자를 파견하는 용인시 소재 D 물류창고에서 과자 포장작업을 담당한 사람들이다. 나. 원고들은 2015. 10. 30. 결근을 하였고 그 다음날인 2015. 11. 1. 참가인의 현장소장 E으로부터 구두경고를 받았다. 원고들은 2015. 11. 30. 15:00경 야간근무 관리자인 F에게 배탈이 나서 결근한다고 문자메시지를 보냈으나, F은 문자메시지를 확인하지 못한 채 원고들에게 전화 연락을 시도하였고 원고들과 연락이 되지 않았다. 다. E은 201
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A\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc791\uc131 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uc704\uc784\ubc1b\uc544 \uc791\uc131\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubd04\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud568.\n- E\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0 A\uc5d0\uac8c \uacb0\uadfc\uc744 \uc9c8\ucc45\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0 A\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc5b4\uca54 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\u00b7\uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uac70\ub098, \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\uc774 \uac15\uc694\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uac70\ub098 \ube44\uc9c4\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub77c\ub294 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860:** \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc740 \uc801\ubc95\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2003. 4. 11. \uc120\uace0 2002\ub2e460528 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2015. 8. 27. \uc120\uace0 2015\ub2e4211630 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1992. 5. 22. \uc120\uace0 92\ub2e42295 \ud310\uacb0\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc740 2015. 10. 30. \uadfc\uc721\ud1b5\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uadfc\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uac19\uc740 \ud574 11. 30. \ubc30\ud0c8\ub85c \uacb0\uadfc\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 2015. 11. 3.\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0 \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uac01\uc5d0 \ucd9c\ud1f4\uadfc\ud558\uace0, \ub450 \ucc28\ub840 \uacb0\uadfc\ub3c4 \ud568\uaed8 \ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\uc774 \uac15\uc694\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ud574\uace0\uc778\uc9c0, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud569\uc758\ud574\uc9c0\uc778\uc9c0\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4, \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c \uacbd\uc704, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc640 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uac04\uc758 \ub300\ud654 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc791\uc131 \uc8fc\uccb4 \ubc0f \uc704\uc784 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ud3c9\uc18c \uadfc\ubb34 \ud0dc\ub3c4 \ubc0f \uad00\uacc4 \ub4f1 **\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc815\ud669 \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8**\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, **\uc9c4\uc758 \uc544\ub2cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \uc785\uc99d\ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc774\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c**\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uace0, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c8\ucc45\uc774\ub098 \uac15\uc555\uc801\uc778 \ubd84\uc704\uae30\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ube44\uc9c4\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 A\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc6d0\uace0 B\uac00 \ub300\uc2e0 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud588\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ub450 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uce5c\ubc00\ud55c \uad00\uacc4, \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc6d0\uace0 A\uc774 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \uc989\uc2dc \uc774\uc758\ub97c \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4 **\ubb35\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \uc704\uc784 \ub610\ub294 \ucd94\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d**\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uac00 \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud568. \uc774\ub294 **\ub300\ub9ac\uad8c\uc758 \uc720\ubb34\uc640 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\ud569\uce58 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc911\uc2dc**\ud558\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc\uc758 \ubc95\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc744 \uc911\uc2dc**\ud558\ub418, \uadf8 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud560 \ucc45\uc784\uc740 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uce21\uc5d0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\ub294 \ud310\uacb0\uc784."}
- 근로자 A 명의의 사직서에는 근로자 A의 연락처, 주민등록번호가 기재되어 있었고, 실제로는 근로자 B가 모두 작성함.
- 근로자 A은 재심판정 과정에서 근로자 B로부터 자신이 사직서를 모두 작성하여 제출했다는 말을 들었으나, 부당해고인지 몰라 이의를 제기하지 않았다고 진술함.
- 근로자들은 근무 기간 동안 같은 시각에 출퇴근하고, 두 차례 결근도 함께 한 사실이 인정됨.
- 근로자 B가 작성하여 제출한 근로자 A 명의의 사직서에 근로자 A의 중요한 개인정보인 주민등록번호가 기재되어 있는 점, 근로자파견업체 관리직원이 다른 근로자 명의의 사직서를 작성하도록 하는 것이 이례적인 점, 근로자들이 매우 가까운 친구 사이로 근로자 A이 근로자 B에게 자신 명의의 사직서를 대신 작성하도록 하는 것이 수긍되는 점, 근로자 B가 아무런 위임 없이 임의로 근로자 A 명의의 사직서를 작성하는 것은 납득하기 어려운 점 등을 종합할 때, 근로자 A 명의의 사직서는 근로자 B가 근로자 A으로부터 작성 권한을 위임받아 작성한 것이라고 봄이 상당함.
- E이 근로자 A에게 결근을 질책한 사정만으로 해고를 통보했다고 인정하기 부족하며, 참가인이 근로자 A으로 하여금 어쩔 수 없이 사직서를 작성·제출하게 하였다거나, 사직서 제출이 강요에 의한 것이라거나 비진의 의사표시라는 증거가 없음.
- 결론: 해당 근로관계의 종료는 근로기준법상 해고에