청주지방법원 | 2015-05-14 | 2013노239
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
철도노조 파업의 업무방해죄 성립 여부 및 위력 판단 기준
결과 요약
- 원심의 무죄 판결을 파기하고, 피고인에 대한 형의 선고를 유예함.
사실관계
- 한국철도공사와 철도노조는 2008년 단체협약 갱신 및 임금협약 체결을 위한 단체교섭을 진행함.
- 2008. 12. 11. 임금협약은 체결되었으나 단체협약은 합의에 이르지 못함.
- 2009. 1월 정부의 공공기관 선진화 계획에 따라 한국철도공사의 정원 5,115명 감축 계획이 수립되고, 4월 이사회에서 구조조정 안건이 의결됨.
- 철도노조는 이에 반발하여 구조조정 저지 및 해고자 복직 등을 주장함.
- 2009. 9.경 전국민주노동조합총연맹 산하 공공부문 노동조합들이 공동투쟁본부를 결성하여 공공기관 선진화 정책 저지를 목표로 대정부 총력투쟁을 결의함.
- 철도노조는 2009. 10. 12. 임시대의원대회에서 공공기관 선진화 정책 철회, 해고자 복직 합의 이행 등을 목표로 순환파업 및 전면파업을 결의함.
- 2009. 11. 5.부터 7.까지 지역별 순환파업이 감행되어 열차 운행 중단 및 손해가 발생함.
- 2009. 11. 24. 한국철도공사는 단체협약 해지를 통보함.
- 2009. 11. 26.부터 12. 3.까지 철도노조는 전면파업을 실행하여 열차 운행 중단 및 막대한 손해가 발생함.
- 피고인은 철도노조 D지부장으로서 조합원들에게 파업 참여를 독려하여 노무제공을 거부하게 함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
쟁의행위의 목적의 정당성 및 업무방해죄의 '위력' 해당 여부
- 원심의 판단:
- 2009. 11. 26. 쟁의행위는 단체협약 및 2009년 임금교섭 협상 결렬 후 노동조합법 절차를 거쳐 이루어진 통상의 쟁의행위로 판단함.
- 한국철도공사가 예측할 수 없는 시기에 전격적으로 이루어진 것이 아니며, 손해 발생은 사업장 특성 때문으로 봄.
- 따라서 업무방해죄의 '위력'에 해당하지 않는다고 판단하여 무죄를 선고함.
- 항소심의 판단:
- 법리:
- 정리해고, 구조조정 등 경영상 결단은 원칙적으로 단체교섭 대상이 아님.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
청주지방법원 제2형사부 판결
사건: 2013노239 업무방해 피고인: A 항소인: 검사 검사: 박소영(기소), 이재연(공판) 변호인: 법무법인 B 담당변호사 AH 원심판결: <case_cite ref="청주지방법원/2010고정654">청주지방법원 2013. 3. 14. 선고 2010고정654 판결</case_cite> 판결선고: 2015. 5. 14.
원심판결을 파기한다. 피고인에 대한 형의 선고를 유예한다.
1. 항소이유의 요지 이 사건 쟁위행위는 그 실질적인 목적이 5,115명 인원감축 반대 등 공기업 선진화 방안 저지, 해고자 복직 관철, 노조탄압 목적의 고소·고발, 손해배상청구소송 및 징계처분 철회 등에 있었음이 분명하므로 쟁위행위로서의 목적의 정당성이 인정되지 아니하고, 사용자가 예측할 수 없는 상황에서 전격적으로 이루어져 사용자의 사업운영에 심대한 혼란 내지 막대한 손해를 초래하였으므로 업무방해죄의 위력에 해당한다. 그럼에도 이 사건 쟁의행위가 업무방해죄의 위력에 해당하지 않는다고 판단하여 피고인에게 무죄를 선고한 원심은 사실을 오인하거나 법리를 오해하여 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다. 2. 판단 가. 원심의 판
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\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0 \uc2ec\ub300\ud55c \ud63c\ub780 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ucd08\ub798\ud568.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc778 \ud55c\uad6d\ucca0\ub3c4\uacf5\uc0ac\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uacc4\uc18d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc790\uc720\uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uc81c\uc555\u00b7\ud63c\ub780\ud558\uac8c \ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc138\ub825\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc5c5\ubb34\ubc29\ud574\uc8c4\uc758 \uc704\ub825\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \uc815\ub2f9\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c5\ud638, \uc81c6\ud638:** \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uad00\ucca0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc758 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\uc601 \uc800\ud574 \ud589\uc704.\n- **\ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c71\uc870:** \uacf5\uc775\uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc911 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc815\uc9c0 \ub610\ub294 \ud3d0\uc9c0\uac00 \uacf5\uc911\uc758 \uc77c\uc0c1\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \uc704\ud0dc\ub86d\uac8c \ud558\uac70\ub098 \uad6d\ubbfc\uacbd\uc81c\ub97c \ud604\uc800\ud788 \uc800\ud574\ud558\uace0 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub300\uccb4\uac00 \uc6a9\uc774\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \ud544\uc218\uacf5\uc775\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815. \ud55c\uad6d\ucca0\ub3c4\uacf5\uc0ac\uc758 \ucca0\ub3c4\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc774 \uc774\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- **\ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c42\uc870\uc7582:** \ud544\uc218\uc720\uc9c0\uc5c5\ubb34\ub294 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \uc911\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc218\ud589\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \ud544\uc218\uc720\uc9c0\uc5c5\ubb34 \uadfc\ubb34 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \uc9c0\uba85\ub41c \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc740 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 8. 20. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub3c4468 \ud310\uacb0:** \ud30c\uc5c5\uc774 \uc5c5\ubb34\ubc29\ud574\uc8c4\uc758 \uc704\ub825\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900 \uc81c\uc2dc.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubc94\ud589 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \ud615\uc0ac\ucc98\ubc8c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\ub294 \uc720\ud615\ub825\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ucc44 \uc18c\uadf9\uc801\uc778 \ub178\ubb34\uc81c\uacf5\uc758 \uac70\ubd80\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uace0, \ud544\uc218\uc720\uc9c0\uc5c5\ubb34\uc790\ub85c \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \ud30c\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ud55c\uad6d\ucca0\ub3c4\uacf5\uc0ac\uac00 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \ub3cc\uc785\uc774 \uc608\uace0\ub41c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0\ub97c \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ucca0\ub3c4\ub178\uc870\uc758 \uc608\uc815\ub41c \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\ub97c \ucd09\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \uacc4\uae30\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ub428.\n- \uacf5\uae30\uc5c5 \uc120\uc9c4\ud654 \ubc29\uc548 \ubc18\ub300 \ub4f1 \uacbd\uc601\uc0ac\ud56d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74 \uc720\uc9c0, \uac1c\uc120\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc0ac\ud56d\ub4e4 \uc5ed\uc2dc \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \ud55c\uad6d\ucca0\ub3c4\ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ub300\uc804\uc9c0\ubc29\ubcf8\ubd80 D\uc9c0\ubd80\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc911\uc559\uc7c1\uc758\ub300\ucc45\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc9c0\uce68 \ubc0f \ud22c\uc7c1\uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \ubaa9\uc801\uc774 \uc8fc\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc804\uccb4 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788 \ud544\uc218\uacf5\uc775\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc608\uce21 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \ubc0f \uc5c5\ubb34 \ubc29\ud574\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 '\uc704\ub825' \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\uc784\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ub2e8\uccb4\uad50\uc12d\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uacbd\uc601\uad8c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\ub41c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0bc\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadf8 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc774 \ubd80\uc815\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uc120\uace0\uc720\uc608 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ucd08\ubc94\uc778 \uc810, \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc18c\uadf9\uc131, \uc0ac\uce21\uc758 \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uac00 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \ucd09\ubc1c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c \uc810, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74 \uad00\ub828 \ubaa9\uc801\ub3c4 \uc77c\ubd80 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784."}
- 부당한 요구사항을 뺐더라면 쟁의행위를 하지 않았을 것이라고 인정될 때에는 그 쟁의행위 전체가 정당성을 갖지 못함.
- 파업이 업무방해죄의 위력에 해당하는지는 전후 사정, 경위 등을 고려하여 사용자의 사업 계속에 관한 자유의사가 제압·혼란될 수 있는지 여부로 판단함.
- 대법원 2014. 8. 20. 선고 2011도468 판결 참조.
- 판단:
- 순환파업 및 전면파업은 단체교섭의 대상이 될 수 없는 공공기관 선진화 정책 반대 등 구조조정 실시 자체를 저지하는 데 주된 목적이 있었음이 뚜렷함.
- 파업 직전까지 단체교섭이 완전히 결렬될 만한 상황도 아니었음.
- 한국철도공사의 단체협약 해지 통보는 쟁의행위 자제 및 교섭 대상 한정 의사표시로 해석될 수 있으며, 교섭 진행을 방해할 이유는 없었음.
- 사업장의 특성상 업무 대체가 용이하지 않아 한국철도공사의 대응에 한계가 있었음.
- 공중의 일상생활이나 국민경제에 큰 영향을 미치는 필수공익사업의 특성을 고려할 때, 한국철도공사는 철도노조가 부당한 목적을 위해 파업을 강행하리라고 예측할 수 없었음.
- 전국적인 파업으로 다수의 열차 운행이 중단되고 막대한 손해가 발생하여 한국철도공사의 사업운영에 심대한 혼란 내지 막대한 손해를 초래함.
- 따라서 이 사건 쟁의행위는 사용자인 한국철도공사의 사업 계속에 관한 자유의사를 제압·혼란하게 할 만한 세력으로서 업무방해죄의 위력에 해당하며, 정당행위로 인정하기 어려움.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제2조 제5호, 제6호: 노동조합의 쟁의행위는 근로조건의 결정에 관한 주장을 관철하기 위한 사용자 업무의 정상적인 운영 저해 행위.
- 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제71조: 공