서울중앙지방법원 | 2019-08-16 | 2018가합576531
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
4인 이하 사업장 해고예고수당 지급 의무 및 근로기준법 적용 여부
결과 요약
- 회사는 근로자에게 해고예고수당 2,657,000원을 지급함.
- 근로자의 나머지 청구(해고 무효 확인 및 미지급 임금)는 기각됨.
사실관계
- 회사는 이 사건 오피스텔의 구분소유자들로 구성된 단체이며, 근로자는 2006. 10. 21.부터 피고 소속 관리소장으로 근무함.
- 회사는 상시 근로자 4인인 사업장으로, 원고와 회사는 근로계약서를 작성하지 않았음.
- 근로자는 2018년경 피고로부터 매월 2,657,000원의 급여를 받음.
- 2018. 9. 11. 피고 대표자 C은 근로자에게 문자메시지로 해고를 통보함.
- 근로자는 2019. 9. 14. 출근하였으나 사무실에 들어갈 수 없었고, 이후 출근하지 않음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로자의 사직 의사표시 여부
- 쟁점: 근로자가 스스로 사직 의사를 표시하여 근로관계가 종료되었는지 여부.
- 법리: 사직 의사표시는 진정한 의사에 기해야 하며, 홧김에 우발적으로 한 발언은 사직 의사로 인정하기 어려움.
- 판단: 회사는 근로자가 2018. 8. 31. 경비 교대 근무 제안에 '안 하면 안 하지 못해요 그거는'이라고 답변한 것을 사직 의사로 주장하였으나, 이는 홧김에 흥분된 상태에서 우발적으로 한 발언으로 보일 뿐 진정한 사직 의사표시로 인정하기 어렵다고 판단함. 따라서 회사의 일방적인 해고 통보로 근로계약관계가 종료되었다고 봄.
4인 이하 사업장에 대한 근로기준법 적용 여부 및 해고의 효력
- 쟁점: 피고와 원고 사이의 근로관계에 근로기준법(특히 해고 제한 및 절차 규정)이 적용되는지 여부 및 해고의 효력.
- 법리:
- 근로기준법 제11조 제1항, 제2항 및 근로기준법 시행령 제7조 [별표 1]에 따라 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업장에는 근로기준법 제23조 제1항(정당한 이유 없는 해고 금지) 및 제27조(해고사유 등의 서면 통지)가 적용되지 않음.
- 이 경우 민법의 고용 조항이 적용되며, 기간의 정함이 없는 근로계약은 민법 제660조 제1항에 따라 사유를 불문하고 언제든지 해지 통고할 수 있음.
- 판단:
- 회사는 상시 4인 이하 사업장임이 다툼 없는 사실임.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울중앙지방법원 제42민사부 판결
사건: 2018가합576531 해고무효확인 원고: A 소송대리인 변호사 조인선, 최준현 피고: B 오피스텔 자치회 소송대리인 법무법인 참진 담당변호사 전지현 변론종결: 2019. 6. 21. 판결선고: 2019. 8. 16.
1. 피고는 원고에게 2,657,000원을 지급하라. 2. 원고의 나머지 청구를 기각한다. 3. 소송비용 중 4/5는 원고가, 나머지는 피고가 각 부담한다.4. 제1항은 가집행할 수 있다.
1. 기초사실 가. 피고는 서울 종로구 B 오피스텔(이하 '이 사건 오피스텔'이라 한다)의 구분소유자들로 구성된 단체(대표자 C)이고, 피고는 이 사건 오피스텔 관리소장으로 근무하던 사람이다. 나. 원고는 2003. 10.경 D 소속으로 이 사건 오피스텔의 관리소장으로 입사하여 위 오피스텔 관리업무를 수행하다가 2006. 10. 21.부터는 피고 소속으로 근무하게 되었다. 당시 원고와 피고는 특별히 근로계약서를 작성한 사실은 없고, 이후에도 근로계약서를 작성하지는 않았다. 다. 피고는 상시 근로자가 4인인 사업장이다. 라. 원고는 2018년경 피고로부터 매월 2,657,000원의 급여를 받았다. 마. 피고 대표자 C은
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html", "member_only": false, "extraction_method": "next_data", "ai_summary": "# 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34 \ubc0f \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9 2,657,000\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \uccad\uad6c(\ud574\uace0 \ubb34\ud6a8 \ud655\uc778 \ubc0f \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09 \uc784\uae08)\ub294 \uae30\uac01\ub428.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc624\ud53c\uc2a4\ud154\uc758 \uad6c\ubd84\uc18c\uc720\uc790\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ub2e8\uccb4\uc774\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2006. 10. 21.\ubd80\ud130 \ud53c\uace0 \uc18c\uc18d \uad00\ub9ac\uc18c\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc0c1\uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 4\uc778\uc778 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018\ub144\uacbd \ud53c\uace0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub9e4\uc6d4 2,657,000\uc6d0\uc758 \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c \ubc1b\uc74c.\n- 2018. 9. 11. \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud45c\uc790 C\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ubb38\uc790\uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 9. 14. \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac08 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ud6c4 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\uc7c1\uc810**: \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub294 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uae30\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \ud667\uae40\uc5d0 \uc6b0\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc740 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2018. 8. 31. \uacbd\ube44 \uad50\ub300 \uadfc\ubb34 \uc81c\uc548\uc5d0 '\uc548 \ud558\uba74 \uc548 \ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud574\uc694 \uadf8\uac70\ub294'\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub2f5\ubcc0\ud55c \uac83\uc744 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub85c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub294 \ud667\uae40\uc5d0 \ud765\ubd84\ub41c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc77c \ubfd0 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uace0 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\uc77c\ubd80 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c7\uc870(\uc801\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704)**\n- \ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870\uc81c2\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uba85 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc95 \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \ubcc4\ud45c 1\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 [\ubcc4\ud45c 1]**\n- \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uba85 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ubc95 \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c27\uc870\ub294 \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc30\uc81c\ub428.\n- **\ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c660\uc870(\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uace0\uc6a9\uc758 \ud574\uc9c0\ud1b5\uace0)**\n- \u2460 \uace0\uc6a9\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uacc4\uc57d\ud574\uc9c0\uc758 \ud1b5\uace0\ub97c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n### \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\n- **\uc7c1\uc810**: \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**:\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870(\ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0)\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c7\uc870 [\ubcc4\ud45c 1]\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9\ub428.\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 30\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc608\uace0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\uace0, 30\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 30\uc77c\ubd84 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uacfc\uc2e4\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870\ub294 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc778 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ub428.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc774\ud589\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c 30\uc77c\ubd84\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud6a1\ub839 \ub4f1 \uadc0\ucc45\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc758 \uc608\uc678\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1\ud6a1\ub839 \ud53c\uc758\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c 30\uc77c\ubd84\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08\uc778 2,657,000\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870(\ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0)**\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0(\uacbd\uc601\uc0c1 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c\ub2e4)\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 30\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\uace0, 30\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 30\uc77c\ubd84 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ucc9c\uc7ac\u318d\uc0ac\ubcc0, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub610\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uace0\uc758\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc0c1 \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ub07c\uce5c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub85c\uc11c \uace0\uc6a9\ub178\ub3d9\ubd80\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub2e4.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \uc81c\ud55c \ubc0f \uc808\ucc28 \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\ub294 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9\ub428\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uac11\uc791\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ud574\uace0\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc744 \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc758 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc77c\ubd80 \uc720\uc9c0\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc758 \uc608\uc678 \uc0ac\uc720\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uadc0\ucc45\uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc785\uc99d \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud558\uba70, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \ubbf8\uc791\uc131 \ubc0f \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc758 \ubaa8\ud638\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \ubc95\uc801 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud558\uba70, \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ubc0f \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568."}
- 피고 관리규약 제33조 및 표준근로계약서의 '기타' 조항에 '이 계약에 정함이 없는 사항은 근로기준법에 의함'이라는 문구가 있으나, 이는 소유주대표회의에서 정한 취업규칙이나 인사규정에 따라 적용되는 것이며, 원고와 피고 사이에 근로기준법의 해고 제한 및 절차 규정을 적용하기로 합의하였다고 인정하기 부족하다고 판단함.
- 따라서 원고와 피고 사이의 근로계약에는 근로기준법 제23조 제1항 및 제27조가 적용되지 않으며, 민법 제660조 제1항에 따라 회사는 사유를 불문하고 언제든지 근로계약 해지를 통고할 수 있으므로, 해당 해고는 무효로 볼 수 없다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로기준법 제11조(적용 범위)
- ① 이 법은 상시 5명 이상의 근로자를 사용하는 모든 사업 또는 사업장에 적용한다. 다만, 동거하는 친족만을 사용하는 사업 또는 사업장과 가사 사용인에게는 적용하지 아니한다.
-
② 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업 또는 사업장에 대하여는 대통령령으로 정하는 바에 따라 이 법의 일부 규정을 적용할 수 있다.
- 근로기준법 시행령 제7조(적용 범위)
- 법 제11조제2항에 따라 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업 또는 사업장에 적용하는 법 규정은 별표 1과 같다.
- 근로기준법 시행령 [별표 1]
- 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업 또는 사업장에 적용되는 법 규정에서 근로기준법 제23조 제1항, 제27조는 적용 배제됨.
- 민법 제660조(기간의 약정이 없는 고용의 해지통고)
-
① 고용기간의 약정이 없는 때에는 당사자는 언제든지 계약해지의 통고를 할 수 있다.
해고예고수당 지급 의무
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