서울행정법원 | 2019-04-25 | 2018구합63334
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
사내 이메일 이용 제한 및 임원 발언의 부당노동행위 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 이메일 수신 차단 및 경고장 발부 행위는 부당노동행위가 아니므로, 이에 대한 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정 중 해당 부분을 취소함.
- 원고 임원의 노동조합 가입 만류 발언은 부당노동행위에 해당하므로, 이에 대한 근로자의 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 모 방적, 모직물 및 석유화학제품 제조 판매업 등을 하는 회사임.
- B 노동조합(해당 노동조합)은 2017. 6. 23. 원고 본사 사무직 직원들을 조직대상으로 설립된 기업별 노동조합임.
- 해당 노동조합은 2017. 8. 11. 근로자의 사내 전산망 게시글 삭제 요구, 이메일 수신 차단, 경고장 발부, 위원장 감시 및 업무 미부여, 임원의 노동조합 가입 만류 발언 등이 부당노동행위에 해당한다고 서울지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 함.
- 서울지방노동위원회는 위 행위 중 일부를 부당노동행위로 인정하고 중지 명령 및 공고문 게시를 명함.
- 근로자는 이에 불복하여 중앙노동위원회에 재심을 신청하였고, 중앙노동위원회는 사내 전산망 게시글 삭제 요구에 관한 부분만 취소하고 나머지는 기각함.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정 중 이메일 수신 차단 및 경고장 발부 행위(이 사건 제1, 2 행위)와 임원 발언(이 사건 제3 행위)이 부당노동행위가 아니라고 주장하며 소를 제기함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
사내 이메일 계정의 수신차단 및 경고장 발부 행위의 부당노동행위 여부
- 법리: 사용자의 시설관리권은 사내 이메일 계정 등의 전산 시스템에도 미치나, 이메일 시스템의 보편성, 편리성, 비용 효율성 등을 고려할 때, 사용자가 취업규칙 등으로 업무 외적 이용을 명확히 금지하지 않은 경우, 구체적 사유 없이 포괄적인 시설관리권에 근거하여 노동조합 활동을 위한 이메일 이용을 제한하는 것은 부당노동행위에 해당할 수 있음. 다만, 부당노동행위 성립을 위해서는 사용자의 지배·개입 의사가 인정되어야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 객관적 요건: 이 사건 각 이메일은 노동조합 설립 및 활동을 알리고 가입을 권유하는 등 노동조합 활동을 위한 것이며, 그 내용이 사회통념상 용인되는 비판 수준을 넘지 않음. 근로자가 포괄적인 시설관리권에 근거하여 이메일 수신을 차단하고 경고장을 발송한 것은 객관적으로 부당노동행위에 해당함.
- 주관적 요건: 이 사건 제1, 2 행위 당시 사내 이메일 계정에 관한 시설관리권 법리가 확립되지 않았고, 근로자가 사내 이메일 계정의 업무 외적 이용을 포괄적으로 제한할 수 있다고 인식했을 가능성이 있음. 또한, 원고 임원의 이 사건 제3 행위가 근로자의 방침에 따라 조직적으로 이루어졌다고 볼 증거가 부족하며, 근로자가 시설관리권을 빙자하여 노동조합 활동에 개입하려는 의사가 있었다고 단정하기 어려움.
- 결론: 근로자의 이 사건 제1, 2 행위는 객관적 요건은 갖추었으나, 주관적 요건(지배·개입 의사)을 인정하기 부족하므로 부당노동행위에 해당하지 않음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울행정법원 제14부 판결
사건: 2018구합63334 부당노동행위구제재심판정취소 원고: A 주식회사 소송대리인 법무법인(유한) 화우 담당변호사 구자원, 홍성 피고: 중앙노동위원회위원장 피고보조참가인: B 노동조합의 소송수계인 C노동조합 변론종결: 2019. 3. 28. 판결선고: 2019. 4. 25.
1. 중앙노동위원회가 2018. 3. 14. 중앙2017부노217 부당노동행위 구제 재심신청사건에 관하여 한 재심판정 중 '원고가 B 노동조합이 발송한 메일의 수신을 차단한 행위, B 노동조합의 사내 메일 발송에 대하여 경고장을 발부한 행위'에 관한 부분을 취소한다. 2. 원고의 나머지 청구를 기각한다. 3. 소송비용은 보조참가로 생긴 부분은 원고와 피고 보조참가인이 1/2씩 부담하고, 나머지는 원고와 피고가 1/2씩 부담한다.
1. 재심판정의 경위 가. 원고는 상시 약 1,300명의 근로자를 고용하여 모 방적, 모직물 및 석유화학제품 제조 판매업 등을 하는 회사이다. B 노동조합(이하 '이 사건 노동조합')은 2017. 6. 23. 원고의 본사에서 근무하는 사무직 직원들을 조직대상으로 설립된 조합원 수 약 30명의 기업별 노동조합이었는데, 2018. 10. 15. 전국 규모의 산업별 노동조합인 피고 보조참가인의 IC노동조합 D지회'로 조직변경을 한 후 2019. 1. 29. 해산하였다. 나. 이 사건 노동조합은 2017. 8. 11. 「원고가 1 이 사건 노동조합에 '이 사건 노동조합이 사내 전산망의 게시판에 게시한 이 사건 노동조합의 설립을
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\uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uc124\uad00\ub9ac\uad8c\uc5d0 \uadfc\uac70\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\uba54\uc77c \uc218\uc2e0\uc744 \ucc28\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uacbd\uace0\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc1c\uc1a1\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- **\uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \uc694\uac74**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c1, 2 \ud589\uc704 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc0ac\ub0b4 \uc774\uba54\uc77c \uacc4\uc815\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc2dc\uc124\uad00\ub9ac\uad8c \ubc95\ub9ac\uac00 \ud655\ub9bd\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\ub0b4 \uc774\uba54\uc77c \uacc4\uc815\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc678\uc801 \uc774\uc6a9\uc744 \ud3ec\uad04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\ud55c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc2dd\ud588\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc74c. \ub610\ud55c, \uc6d0\uace0 \uc784\uc6d0\uc758 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c3 \ud589\uc704\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubc29\uce68\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc2dc\uc124\uad00\ub9ac\uad8c\uc744 \ube59\uc790\ud558\uc5ec \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c1, 2 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uc694\uac74\uc740 \uac16\ucd94\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \uc694\uac74(\uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785 \uc758\uc0ac)\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 9. 8. \uc120\uace0 2006\ub3c4388 \ud310\uacb0: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uc774\ub098 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc774\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc131\ub9bd.\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 2. 13. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub2e478804 \ud310\uacb0: \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774 \uc99d\uba85\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc758\uc0ac \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80\uac00 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uce21\uc774 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud568.\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1990. 5. 15. \uc120\uace0 90\ub3c4357 \ud310\uacb0: \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ubcc4\ub3c4 \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba74 \ucde8\uc5c5\uc2dc\uac04 \uc678\uc5d0 \ud589\ud574\uc838\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc2dc\uc124\uad00\ub9ac\uad8c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uaddc\uc728\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc57c \ud568.\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c4\ud638: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc774\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\ub85c\uc11c \uae08\uc9c0\ub428.\n### \uc6d0\uace0 \uc784\uc6d0\uc758 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\uac00 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uc774\ub098 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc758\ub3c4\ub85c \ubc1c\uc5b8\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc774\ub294 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- F\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc11d\uc720\ud654\ud559\ubcf8\ubd80 \uc784\uc6d0(\uc0c1\ubb34)\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c2\ud638\uc758 '\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\ub2f4\ub2f9\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc8fc\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\ub294 \uc790'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- F\uc758 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774 \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \ub2f9\uc77c, \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc601\ud5a5\ub825\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubd80\ud558 \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc124\ub9bd \ucd08\uae30 \uc870\uc9c1 \ud615\uc131 \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\uc784.\n- F\uc758 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc740 \"G \ub178\uc870\ucc98\ub7fc \ub9c9\uac15\ud558\ub2e4\uba74 \uac70\uae30\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785 \uc548 \ud560 \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac70\uc9c0. \uadf8\ub7f0\ub370 \uc9c0\uae08\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \ubc18\uc9dd \ubc18\ub098\uc808\uc774 \uc9c0\ub098\uc11c \uc774\uac8c \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \ub420 \uac74\uac00\ub294 \ub450\uace0, \uc774\uac70\ub97c \uc124\ub9bd\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ud55c\ud14c \uc815\ub9d0 \ud798\ub4e0 \uc77c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc880 \ub354 \uc9c0\ucf1c\ubd10\uc57c \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub0d0\" \ub4f1 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc5d0 \uc123\ubd88\ub9ac \uac00\uc785\ud558\uc9c0 \ub9d0\uace0 \uc9c0\ucf1c\ubcf4\ub77c\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub428.\n- \ube44\ub85d F\uc774 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc744 \uc801\ub300\uc2dc\ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \ubc1c\uc5b8\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uac00\uc785 \ubcf4\ub958\ub97c \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: F\uc758 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2e8\uc21c \uc758\uacac \ud45c\uba85\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uac00\uc785\uc744 \ubc29\ud574\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc758\ub3c4\ub85c \ud589\ud574\uc9c4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0ac\ub0b4 \uc774\uba54\uc77c \ub4f1 \uc804\uc0b0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc2dc\uc124\uad00\ub9ac\uad8c\uacfc \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \ud65c\ub3d9\uad8c\uc774 \ucda9\ub3cc\ud560 \ub54c, \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \uc694\uac74\uc778 '\uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785 \uc758\uc0ac'\uc758 \uc785\uc99d \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \uad00\ub828 \ubc95\ub9ac\uac00 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud655\ub9bd\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uc27d\uac8c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ubc18\uba74, \uc784\uc6d0\uc758 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8 \uc2dc\uae30\uc640 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc131\ub9bd\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc790\uc8fc\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc2dc\uc124\uad00\ub9ac\uad8c\uc744 \uc874\uc911\ud558\ub294 \uade0\ud615\uc801\uc778 \uc2dc\uac01\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \ud310\uacb0\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub428."}
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2006. 9. 8. 선고 2006도388 판결: 사용자가 표면적으로 주장한 사유와 달리 실질적으로 노동조합의 조직 또는 운영이나 활동을 지배하거나 이에 개입하는 의사가 인정되는 경우 부당노동행위 성립.
- 대법원 2014. 2. 13. 선고 2011다78804 판결: 부당노동행위 주장은 근로자 또는 노동조합이 증명해야 하며, 의사 존재 여부가 불분명한 경우 주장하는 측이 불이익을 부담함.
- 대법원 1990. 5. 15. 선고 90도357 판결: 노동조합 활동은 취업규칙 등에 별도 규정이 없으면 취업시간 외에 행해져야 하며, 사업장 내 활동은 사용자의 시설관리권에 따른 합리적인 규율에 따라야 함.
- 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제81조 제4호: 사용자가 근로자에 의한 노동조합의 조직 또는 운영을 지배하거나 이에 개입하는 행위는 부당노동행위로서 금지됨.
원고 임원의 발언의 부당노동행위 여부
- 법리: 사용자의 지위에 있는