서울남부지방법원 | 2019-05-28 | 2016가단234184
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
등기이사의 근로기준법상 근로자성 및 임기 전 해임의 정당성 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 주위적 청구(해고 무효 확인 및 임금 상당액 지급)와 예비적 청구(상법상 손해배상)를 모두 기각함.
사실관계
- 해당 회사는 소프트웨어 개발 용역업을 영위하는 법인으로, 근로자는 2008. 3. 경 부장으로 입사하여 2011. 3. 경 및 2014. 3. 11. 경 사내이사로 선임 및 재선임되어 등기됨.
- 근로자는 해당 회사의 기술개발본부 이사로서 기술개발본부장 및 개발1팀장, 개발2팀장을 겸직하며 프로젝트를 총괄 관리함.
- 해당 회사는 2015. 11. 23. 인사위원회를 통해 근로자를 해고하기로 결정하고, 2015. 12. 30. 임시주주총회 특별결의를 거쳐 근로자를 해임함.
- 근로자는 2016. 1. 17. 해당 회사에서 퇴사함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법상 근로자성 여부
- 법리: 회사의 이사 등 임원은 특별한 사정이 없는 한 근로기준법상 근로자가 아님. 다만, 그 지위가 형식적·명목적이고 실제로는 사용자의 지휘·감독 아래 종속적 관계에서 임금을 목적으로 근로를 제공하였다면 근로기준법상 근로자로 인정될 수 있음.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자는 해당 회사의 등기이사로서 '이사'로 호칭되며 업무를 수행함.
- 근로자는 이사 취임 후 일반적인 업무 범위가 확장되었고, 기술개발본부장 업무를 수행함.
- 근로자는 연봉 6,500만 원 외에 성과급을 별도로 지급받았으며, 이는 일반 직원보다 높은 수준임.
- 근로자는 출퇴근 시간이 비교적 자유로웠고, 엄격한 근태관리를 받지 않았으며, 법인카드와 차량을 지원받는 등 일반 직원과 차별화된 처우를 받음.
- 근로자는 인사 채용 및 운영에 재량권을 가졌음.
- 근로자가 업무 진행 상황을 보고하거나 주간업무보고서를 작성한 사실이 있으나, 이는 위임계약 관계에서도 가능한 것으로, 종속적 관계를 단정할 수 없음.
- 근로자가 해당 회사의 이사회에 완전히 형식적으로만 참여하고 회사의 의사결정에서 배제되었는지 여부는 불확실함.
- 결론: 근로자가 해당 회사의 경영에 참여하였는지 여부가 불확실하고, 비록 일부 지휘·감독을 받는 부분이 있더라도, 등기이사로서의 명칭이나 직위가 형식적·명목적인 것에 불과하다거나 전체 업무의 실질이 위임사무 처리가 아닌 종속적 근로 제공에 그친다고 할 수 없으므로, 근로자는 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하지 않음.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울남부지방법원 판결
사건: 2016가단234184 손해배상(기) 원고: A 소송대리인 법무법인 창 담당변호사 윤승현 피고: 주식회사 B 소송대리인 법무법인 신율 담당변호사 김대일, 정주현, 서혜원, 차희정, 정슬기, 김리경 변론종결: 2019. 4. 2. 판결선고: 2019. 5. 28.
1. 원고의 주위적 및 예비적 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
1. 인정사실 가. 피고(이하 '피고 회사'라 한다)는 2000. 9. 5.경 설립되어 소프트웨어 프로그램 개발 용역업 등을 영위하는 법인이고, 원고는 피고 회사에 등기이사로 재직하였던 사람이다. 나. 원고는 2008. 3.경 피고 회사에 부장직 경력사원으로 입사하였다가 2011. 3.경 피고 회사의 주주총회결의를 통해 사내이사로 선임되면서 법인등기부등본에 사내이사로 등기되었다. 당시 피고 회사의 이사는 대표이사 겸 사내이사 C<comment_bc id="1" />와 C의 동생 사내이사 D<comment_bc id="2" /> 및 C의 아버지 사내이사 E이었고, E이 사임하면서 원고가 사내이사로 선임되었다. 다. 원고는
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\uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uae30\uc220\uac1c\ubc1c\ubcf8\ubd80 \uc774\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \uae30\uc220\uac1c\ubc1c\ubcf8\ubd80\uc7a5 \ubc0f \uac1c\ubc1c1\ud300\uc7a5, \uac1c\ubc1c2\ud300\uc7a5\uc744 \uacb8\uc9c1\ud558\uba70 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \ucd1d\uad04 \uad00\ub9ac\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 2015. 11. 23. \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uace0, 2015. 12. 30. \uc784\uc2dc\uc8fc\uc8fc\ucd1d\ud68c \ud2b9\ubcc4\uacb0\uc758\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uc784\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2016. 1. 17. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1f4\uc0ac\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc774\uc0ac \ub4f1 \uc784\uc6d0\uc740 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uadf8 \uc9c0\uc704\uac00 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\u00b7\uba85\ubaa9\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uc544\ub798 \uc885\uc18d\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c '\uc774\uc0ac'\ub85c \ud638\uce6d\ub418\uba70 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774\uc0ac \ucde8\uc784 \ud6c4 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ubc94\uc704\uac00 \ud655\uc7a5\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uae30\uc220\uac1c\ubc1c\ubcf8\ubd80\uc7a5 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 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(\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 11. 27. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub2e441420 \ud310\uacb0).\n- \uc0c1\ubc95 \uc81c385\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc758 '\uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720'\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad00\uacc4 \uc0c1\uc2e4\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4, \uc774\uc0ac\uac00 \ubc95\ub839\u00b7\uc815\uad00 \uc704\ubc18, \uc9c1\ubb34 \uac10\ub2f9 \uace4\ub780, \uacbd\uc601\ub2a5\ub825\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\ubcf8\uc801 \uc2e0\ub8b0 \uc0c1\uc2e4 \ub4f1 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud568. \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uc758 \uc874\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc785\uc99d\ucc45\uc784\uc740 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc744 \uccad\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc0ac\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud568 (\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2004. 10. 15. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e425611 \ud310\uacb0, \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 11. 23. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e449570 \ud310\uacb0).\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- **\uc8fc\uc8fc\ucd1d\ud68c \uacb0\uc758\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131**: \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc8fc\uc8fc\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uc2dc\uc8fc\uc8fc\ucd1d\ud68c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ub098, \ud574\ub2f9 \uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc8fc\uc2dd\uc740 \uadf9\ud788 \uc77c\ubd80\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \ucde8\uc18c\uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud568. \uc704 \uacb0\uc758\uac00 \ucde8\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c **\uc720\ud6a8\ud568.**\n- **\ud574\uc784\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720**: \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud574\uc784\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud568. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c \ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc720 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uace0, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc9c1\ubb34 \uc218\ud589\uc5d0 \uace4\ub780\uc744 \uacaa\ub294 \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc0dd\uacbc\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc74c. \uc774\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad00\uacc4 \uc0c1\uc2e4\uc774 \uc544\ub2d8. **\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud574\uc784\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uc0c1\ubc95 \uc81c385\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 11. 27. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub2e441420 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2004. 10. 15. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e425611 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 11. 23. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e449570 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc704\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uad00\uacc4, \ubcf4\uc218 \uccb4\uacc4, \ucc98\uc6b0 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc911\uc18c\uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc784\uc6d0\uc774 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uacfc \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubcf4\uace0 \uccb4\uacc4\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc784\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c, \ucc28\ubcc4\ud654\ub41c \ucc98\uc6b0, \ub192\uc740 \ubcf4\uc218 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uc784\uae30 \uc804 \ud574\uc784\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0c1\ubc95\uc0c1 '\uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720'\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc2e0\ub8b0 \uc0c1\uc2e4\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc9c1\ubb34 \uc218\ud589\uc758 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc774\ub098 \uacbd\uc601 \ub2a5\ub825 \uc0c1\uc2e4 \ub4f1 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud558\uba70, \uadf8 \uc785\uc99d\ucc45\uc784\uc740 \ud574\uc784\ub41c \uc774\uc0ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \uc774\ub294 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uad8c \ud589\uc0ac\uc640 \uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uc9c1\ubb34 \uc548\uc815\uc131 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784."}
- 대법원 1992. 12. 22. 선고 92다28228 판결
- 대법원 2003. 9. 26. 선고 2002다64681 판결
- 대법원 1988. 6. 14. 선고 87다가2268 판결
임시주주총회 결의의 유효성 및 해임의 정당한 이유 유무
- 법리:
- 주주총회 소집절차상의 하자는 주주총회결의의 단순한 취소사유에 불과하며, 취소소송이 제기되지 않는 한 유효함 (대법원 2014. 11. 27. 선고 2011다41420 판결).
- 상법 제385조 제1항의 '정당한 이유'는 단순히 주관적인 신뢰관계 상실을 넘어, 이사가 법령·정관 위반, 직무 감당 곤란, 경영능력에 대한 근본적 신뢰 상실 등 객관적 상황이 발생한 경우를 의미함. 정당한 이유의 존부에 대한 입증책임은 손해배상을 청구하는 이사가 부담함 (대법원 2004. 10. 15. 선고 2004다25611 판결, 대법원 2006. 11. 23. 선고 2004다49570 판결).
- 법원의 판단:
- 주주총회 결의의 유효성: 회사가 일부 주주에게 임시주주총회 통지를 하지 않았으나, 해당 주주의 주식은 극히 일부이므로 이는 단순한 취소사유에 불과함. 위 결의가 취소되었다는 증거가 없으므로 유효함.
- 해임의 정당한 이유: 근로자가 제출한 증거만으로는 해임에 정당한 이유가 없다고 단정하기 부족함. 오히려 회사가 제시한 해임 사유 중 일부가 인정되고, 이로 인해 근로자가 직무 수행에 곤란을 겪는 사정이 생겼다고 볼 여지