서울행정법원 | 2016-07-22 | 2015구합11752
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
학교법인의 부당해고 및 부당노동행위 인정에 따른 재심판정 취소 청구 기각
결과 요약
- 학교법인이 교직원들을 징계해고한 것은 징계시효 도과, 징계양정의 부당성, 절차상 하자로 부당해고에 해당하며, 노동조합 활동을 위축시키려는 부당노동행위로 인정되어 재심판정 취소 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 원고 학교법인은 2015. 2. 2. 참가인 교직원들에게 징계사유(결재선 배제 문서 기안·결재, 내부문서 외부 유출 등)로 파면 또는 해임 징계를 함.
- 참가인들은 징계해고가 부당해고 및 부당노동행위라며 지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였고, 지방노동위원회는 부당해고는 인정했으나 부당노동행위는 인정하지 않음.
- 중앙노동위원회는 재심에서 일부 징계사유 불인정, 징계양정 과다, 부당노동행위(불이익취급 및 지배·개입) 인정 판정을 내림.
- 근로자는 초심판정 송달 후 30일 내에 구제명령을 이행하지 않아 이행강제금 9,100만 원을 부과받음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
재심판정 중 부당해고 부분의 적법 여부
- 징계시효 도과 여부:
- 사립학교법 제66조의3 제1항에 따라 징계사유 발생일로부터 2년이 경과한 경우 징계의결을 요구할 수 없음.
- 참가인 E, H의 일부 문서 무단 반출 행위 및 참가인 C, H, N의 일부 문서 기안·결재 행위는 징계의결 요구일 기준 2년의 징계시효가 도과하여 징계사유로 삼을 수 없음.
- 특히 참가인 E는 문서 유출 외 다른 징계사유가 없어 파면 징계는 위법함.
- 징계사유의 존부:
- 참가인들이 총장을 배제한 문서 또는 인사발령에 반하는 결재선으로 문서를 기안·결재한 행위는 학교의 정당한 업무지시를 거부하고 규율과 질서를 문란하게 한 것으로 징계사유가 인정됨.
- 다만, 인사발령 후 인수인계 기간 관행, 그룹웨어 조직도 미변경, M의 위협, 원고 손해 방지를 위한 불가피한 기안 등은 징계양정 참작 사유에 불과하며, 행위의 정당성을 인정하지 않음.
- 징계양정의 당부:
- 해고는 사회통념상 고용관계 계속이 불가능할 정도로 근로자에게 책임 있는 사유가 있을 때 정당성이 인정되며, 징계권자의 재량권 남용 여부는 비위행위 내용, 목적, 기준 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단함.
- 참가인들의 문서 기안·결재 행위는 비교적 짧은 기간 동안 이루어졌고, 원고 측의 명확한 입장 통보 후 중단되었으며, 문서 자체는 정당한 업무 수행 과정에서 작성된 것으로 결재선 지정의 하자가 있었을 뿐이므로, 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도로 중대한 훼손으로 보기 어려움.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울행정법원 제1부 판결
사건: 2015구합11752 부당해고및부당노동행위구제재심판정취소등 원고: 학교법인 A 피고: 1. 중앙노동위원회위원장 2. 경기지방노동위원회 피고보조참가인: 별지1 피고: 보조참가인 목록과 같다. 변론종결: 2016. 6. 24. 판결선고: 2016. 7. 22.
1. 원고의 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 비용을 포함하여 모두 원고가 부담한다.
1. 재심판정 및 처분의 경위 가. 원고는 1983. 2. 15. 설립되어 B대학교(이하 '이 사건 대학교'라 한다)를 운영하는 학교법인이다. 참가인들은 1996. 8. 1.부터 2003. 3. 1.까지 이 사건 대학에 입사하여 근무하였고, 산업별 노동조합인 전국대학노동조합의 B대학지부(이하 '이 사건 노동조합'이라 한다) 조합원들로서 참가인 C은 지부장, 참가인 D은 부지부장, 참가인 E는 사무국장, 참가인 F은 총무부장, 참가인 G은 정책부장, 참가인 H는 감사이다. 나. 원고는 2015. 2. 2. 참가인들이 결재선에서 최종 결재권자인 총장을 배제한 문서 또는 원고의 2012. 1. 1.자 인사발령 이전의 결재선에
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\uad00\ud589\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud589\ub3d9\ud55c \uce21\uba74\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ub978 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \uc911\uc9d5\uacc4\ub97c \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \uacf5\ud3c9\uc744 \uc783\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\ub3c4 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \ub300\uae30\ubc1c\ub839 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubcf4\uc218 \uac10\uc561 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70, \ud30c\uba74 \ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \ube44\uc704 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \ubb34\uac70\uc6c0.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5b4 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ub428.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2003. 7. 8. \uc120\uace0 2001\ub4508018 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2002. 8. 23. \uc120\uace0 2000\ub2e460890 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uc0ac\ub9bd\ud559\uad50\ubc95 \uc81c66\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c1\ud56d (2\ub144\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc2dc\ud6a8)\n- **\uc808\ucc28\uc0c1 \ud558\uc790\uc758 \uc874\ubd80**:\n- \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d \uc81c60\uc870 \uc81c5\ud638\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ud68c\uc758\ub85d\uc744 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub300\uc0c1 \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \uad50\ubd80\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub85c \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ud68c\uc758\ub85d\uc744 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uad50\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \ub2e4\ud23c\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\ub294 \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n- \uc815\ubcf4\uacf5\uac1c\ubc95\uc740 \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4 \uacf5\uac1c \uc758\ubb34\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc758\ubb34\uc5d0\ub294 \uc801\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc808\ucc28\uac00 \uc885\ub8cc\ub41c \uc774\uc0c1 \uc808\ucc28\uc0c1 \ud558\uc790\uc758 \uce58\uc720\ub294 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d \uc81c47\uc870 \uc81c6\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc870\ud569 \uac04\ubd80 \uc778\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uc804 \ud611\uc758 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc774\ub294 \uc778\uc0ac\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2008. 9. 11. \uc120\uace0 2007\ub45010174 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1996. 4. 23. \uc120\uace0 95\ub2e453102 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1994. 12. 23. \uc120\uace0 93\ub2e459908 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815 \uc911 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc801\ubc95 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc758\uc0ac\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720, \uc2dc\uae30, \ub178\uc0ac\uad00\uacc4, \ub3d9\uc885 \uc0ac\ub840 \ubd88\uade0\ud615 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc870\ud569\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud55c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ucde8\uae09 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uac04\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uac08\ub4f1, \uc6d0\uace0 \uce21\uc758 \ubc18\uc870\ud569\uc801 \uc5b8\ub3d9\uacfc \ud0dc\ub3c4(\ubd80\ub2f9 \uc804\ubcf4, \uace0\uc18c, \ucc9c\ub9c9 \ucca0\uac70, \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ucc98\ubc8c \uad6c\uc2e4 \uc9c0\uc2dc \ub4f1)\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub294 \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uba70, \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uacfc \ube44\uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4 \ubd88\uade0\ud615\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud568.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ud6c4 \uc57d 2\ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub098 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uace0\ubc1c\ub85c \ucd1d\uc7a5 \ubc0f \ud589\uc815\ucd1d\uad04\ubcf8\ubd80\uc7a5\uc774 \uc720\uc8c4 \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc784\uae08\uccb4\ubd88 \uc9c4\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ub178\uc0ac\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc545\ud654\ub41c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc801 \uc778\uc0ac\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4 \ub300\uc0c1\uc790 \uc804\uc6d0\uc774 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc774\uba70, \ud575\uc2ec \uac04\ubd80\ub4e4\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0, \uc9d5\uacc4 \ud6c4 \uc870\ud569\uc6d0 \uc218\uac00 \ud604\uaca9\ud788 \uac10\uc18c\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2000. 4. 11. \uc120\uace0 99\ub4502963 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubd80\uacfc\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc801\ubc95 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c33\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \ubc0f \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c13\uc870 [\ubcc4\ud45c3]\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839\uc744 \uc774\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ud589\uac15\uc81c\uae08\uc744 \ubd80\uacfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839(\ubcf5\uc9c1 \ubc0f \uc784\uae08 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561 \uc9c0\uae09)\uc744 30\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc774\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubd80\uacfc\ucc98\ubd84(\uc774\ud589\uac15\uc81c\uae08 9,100\ub9cc \uc6d0)\uc740 \uc801\ubc95\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c33\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c13\uc870 [\ubcc4\ud45c3]\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc2dc\ud6a8, \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc801\uc815\uc131, \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c \ub0a8\uc6a9\uc744 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ube44\uc704 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758 \ubd88\uade0\ud615\uc740 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59 \uc704\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub428\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ubc18\uc870\ud569\uc801 \uc758\ub3c4\ub098 \ub3d9\uae30\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc808\ucc28 \uaddc\uc815(\ud68c\uc758\ub85d \uad50\ubd80 \ub4f1) \uc704\ubc18\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc744 \ubb34\ud6a8\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \ud558\uc790\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub428\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c."}
- 참가인들이 총장 해임 여부에 대해 오인했을 가능성이 있었고, 인사발령의 정당성에 의문을 가질 만한 사정이 있었으며, 기존 관행에 따라 행동한 측면이 있음.
- 근로자가 동일한 비위행위를 저지른 다른 직원들에 대해서는 징계하지 않고 참가인들에게만 중징계를 한 것은 합리적인 사유 없이 공평을 잃은 징계처분으로 평등의 원칙에 위반됨.
- 원고 스스로도 당시에는 대기발령 내지 보수 감액 정도의 비위로 판단한 것으로 보이며, 파면 처분은 비위 정도에 비해 지나치게 무거움.
- 따라서 해당 징계해고는 징계 내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하고 사회통념상 현저히 타당성을 잃어 재량권을 남용하거나 한계를 벗어난 것으로 판단됨.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2003. 7. 8. 선고 2001두8018 판결
- 대법원 2002. 8. 23. 선고 2000다60890 판결
- 사립학교법 제66조의3 제1항 (2년의 징계시효)
- 절차상 하자의 존부:
- 단체협약 제60조 제5호는 징계위원회 회의록을 징계대상 조합원에게 교부하도록 규정하고 있으며, 이를 따르지 않은 징계는 무효로 함.
- 근로자가 징계위원회 회의록을 참가인들에게 교부하지 않은 사실은 다툼이 없으므로, 해당 징계해고는 단체협약 규정에 위반하여 무효임.
- 정보공개법은 공공기관의 정보 공개 의무에 관한 것으로 단체협약에 따