의정부지방법원 고양지원 | 2016-11-18 | 2016가합70393
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
상시 4인 이하 사업장의 해고 제한 및 징계 재량권 일탈·남용 여부
결과 요약
- 회사는 근로자에게 정직처분일(2015. 6. 1.)부터 해임처분일(2015. 7. 14.)까지의 임금 5,442,741원을 지급함.
- 근로자의 나머지 청구(해임처분 무효 확인, 해임처분일 이후 임금, 정신적 손해배상)는 기각됨.
사실관계
- 회사는 이 사건 건물의 관리단이고, 근로자는 2013. 9. 3.부터 회사의 사무국장으로 근무함.
- 피고 회장은 2015. 5. 27. 근로자에게 정직처분을 통보함.
- 근로자는 2015. 6. 8. 정직처분 무효를 주장하며 지위보전 가처분 신청을 함.
- 회사는 2015. 7. 14. 관리위원회 결의를 통해 근로자를 해임함.
- 해당 정직 및 해임처분 당시 회사의 직원은 근로자를 포함하여 총 3명이었음.
- 피고 관리규약 제55조 2는 사무국 직원이 직무를 소홀히 한 경우 관리위원회 재적 과반수 출석, 출석위원 2/3 찬성으로 해임할 수 있다고 규정함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
회사가 직원을 정직·해임함에 있어 근로기준법상의 제한을 받는지 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법은 상시 5인 이상 사업장에 전면 적용되나, 상시 4인 이하 사업장은 대통령령으로 정하는 바에 따라 일부 규정 적용이 배제됨. 근로기준법 시행령 제7조 [별표 1]은 상시 4인 이하 사업장에 대해 근로기준법 제23조 제1항(정당한 이유 없는 해고 금지) 및 제27조(해고사유 등 서면통지)의 적용을 배제함. 따라서 상시 4인 이하 사업장의 징계·해고에는 민법의 고용 조항이 적용됨.
- 법원의 판단:
- 해당 정직 및 해임처분 당시 회사의 직원은 근로자를 포함하여 총 3명이었으므로, 회사는 상시 4인 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업장에 해당함.
- 회사가 근로기준법상 제한을 회피할 목적으로 직원을 형식적으로 다른 회사 소속으로 변경했다는 근로자의 주장은 인정할 증거가 없음.
- 원고 채용 당시 피고 직원이 6명이었다는 사정만으로 근로자에게 근로기준법에 따른 해고 제한 기대권이 형성되었다고 볼 수 없음.
- 따라서 회사가 근로자를 해임함에 있어서는 근로기준법상의 제한 규정의 적용을 받지 않고, 민법의 고용에 관한 법리가 적용됨.
해당 정직 및 해임처분 과정에서 근로자에게 소명기회가 부여되어야 하는지 여부
- 법원의 판단: 원고와 회사가 고용계약 체결 당시 소명 및 의견진술 기회를 제공하기로 약정했거나, 회사의 취업규칙 등에 그러한 규정이 존재함을 인정할 증거가 없으므로, 근로자의 주장은 이유 없음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
의정부지방법원고양지원 제1민사부 판결
사건: 2016가합70393 해고무효확인 원고: A 피고: B관리단 변론종결: 2016. 10. 14. 판결선고: 2016. 11. 18.
1. 피고는 원고에게 5,442,741원을 지급하라. 2. 원고의 나머지 청구를 기각한다. 3. 소송비용 중 9/10는 원고가, 나머지는 피고가 각 부담한다. 4. 제1항은 가집행할 수 있다.
1. 기초사실 가. 피고는 고양시 일산동구 B 상가건물(이하 '이 사건 건물'이라 한다)의 관리단이고, 원고는 2013. 9. 3.부터 피고의 사무국 소속 직원(직함: 사무국장)으로 근무하였다. 나. 피고의 대표자인 회장 C은 2015. 5. 27. 원고에게 아래와 같은 내용의 정직처분 (이하 '이 사건 정직처분'이라 한다)을 통보하였다. <table_bc id="2_1" src="20220328/ba9e38c114cc7f4c_table_1.jpg" width="1276" height="472" x_position="164" y_position="887" /> 다. 원고는 2015. 6. 8. 피고를 상대로 이 사건 정
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\uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc7a5\uc740 2015. 5. 27. \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2015. 6. 8. \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc9c0\uc704\ubcf4\uc804 \uac00\ucc98\ubd84 \uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2015. 7. 14. \uad00\ub9ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uacb0\uc758\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uc784\ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uc9c1 \ubc0f \ud574\uc784\ucc98\ubd84 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ucd1d 3\uba85\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d \uc81c55\uc870 2\ub294 \uc0ac\ubb34\uad6d \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 \uc9c1\ubb34\ub97c \uc18c\ud640\ud788 \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uad00\ub9ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc7ac\uc801 \uacfc\ubc18\uc218 \ucd9c\uc11d, \ucd9c\uc11d\uc704\uc6d0 2/3 \ucc2c\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc784\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 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\uc81c\ud55c \ud2b9\uc57d\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uadf8 \ud2b9\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc704\ubc18 \uc2dc \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784. \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubc95\ub9ac\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uc900\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uc9c1 \ub4f1 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9\ub428.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ud3b8\uc785\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d \uc81c55\uc870 2\ub294 \ud574\uc784\uc0ac\uc720\ub9cc\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc815\uc9c1 \ub4f1 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc740 12\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc9c1\ubb34 \uc815\uc9c0, \uae09\uc5ec \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09, 6\uac1c\uc6d4 \ud6c4 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\ud56d \ubbf8\ud574\uc81c \ub610\ub294 \ucde8\uc5c5 \uc2dc \uc790\ub3d9 \uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac \ub4f1\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud574\uace0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uac00\ud639\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uc900\ud558\ub294 \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad00\ub9ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uacb0\uc758\ub97c \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uac70\uccd0\uc57c \ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc778 \ud68c\uc7a5\uc774 \uad00\ub9ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uacb0\uc758\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub2e8\ub3c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2008. 3. 14. \uc120\uace0 2007\ub2e41418 \ud310\uacb0: 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc640 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uc5f4\uac70\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc18c\uc815\uc758 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec\uc11c\ub9cc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc81c\ud55c\uc758 \ud2b9\uc57d\uc744 \ub450\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub294 \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c660\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc704 \ud574\uace0\uc81c\ud55c\uc758 \ud2b9\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc57c \ud558\uace0 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc81c\ud55c\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c2\ud56d\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c7\uc870 [\ubcc4\ud45c 1]\n- \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c660\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n### \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uc784\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc720\ud6a8\ud55c\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- **\uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud55c \ud574\uc784\uc0ac\uc720 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80**: \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uae08\ud488\uc744 \uc218\uc218\ud558\uace0 \ubc95\uc778\uce74\ub4dc\ub97c \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc9c1\ubb34\ub97c \uc18c\ud640\ud788 \ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428. \ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud574\uc9c0\uc0ac\uc720 \uc874\ubd80\ub97c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud310\ub2e8\ud560 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud55c \ud574\uc784\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud568. \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud574\uc784\uc808\ucc28 \uc900\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80**: \ud53c\uace0\uac00 2015. 7. 14. \uad00\ub9ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub97c \uc18c\uc9d1\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\uc801\uad00\ub9ac\uc704\uc6d0 11\uba85 \uc804\uc6d0 \ucc38\uc11d, \ucc2c\uc131 8\uba85, \ubc18\ub300 2\uba85, \uae30\uad8c 1\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc784\uacb0\uc758\ub97c \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud55c \ud574\uc784\uacb0\uc758(\uc7ac\uc801 \uacfc\ubc18\uc218 \ucd9c\uc11d, \ucd9c\uc11d\uc704\uc6d0 2/3 \ucc2c\uc131)\ub294 \uc801\ubc95\ud558\uac8c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc74c.\n- **\uc9d5\uacc4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc758 \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80**: \uae08\ud488 \uc218\uc218 \ubc0f \ubc95\uc778\uce74\ub4dc \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ub4f1 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uacbd\ubbf8\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0 \ud574\uc784 \uc774\uc678\uc758 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uc784\ucc98\ubd84\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc758 \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 5. 29. \uc120\uace0 2012\ub2e447241 \ud310\uacb0: \ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud574\uc9c0\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc874\ubd80\ub97c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc5d0\uc11c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud310\ub2e8\ud560 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d8.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9\uc774 \ubc30\uc81c\ub418\uace0 \ubbfc\ubc95\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9 \uc870\ud56d\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub428\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \uc774\ub294 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uc778\uc0ac \uad00\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0 \uc81c\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub428.\n- \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ud574\uace0 \uc81c\ud55c \ud2b9\uc57d\uc774 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc784\uc758\uaddc\uc815 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud574\ub2f9 \ud2b9\uc57d\uc774 \uc6b0\uc120 \uc801\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec, \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc774\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc774\ub098 \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d \ub4f1 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc815\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uc900\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc900\uc218\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \ud310\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec, \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758 \uba85\uce6d\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uadf8 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \ud574\uc784\ucc98\ubd84 \uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc, \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0 \uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec, \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc774\ub098 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc885\ub958 \ubc0f \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ud2b9\ud788 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uc900\ud558\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc2dc\uc5d0\ub294 \uaddc\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud788 \uc900\uc218\ud574\uc57c \ubc95\uc801 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
해당 정직처분이 유효한지 여부
- 법리: 상시 4인 이하 사업장에서 근로계약이 기간의 정함이 없는 경우 민법 제660조 제1항에 따라 사용자는 사유 불문하고 언제든지 해지 통고 가능함. 그러나 민법 제660조 제1항은 임의규정이므로, 해고 제한 특약이 있다면 그 특약에 따라야 하며, 위반 시 무효임. 이러한 법리는 해고에 준하는 정직 등 징계처분에도 적용됨.
- 법원의 판단:
- 회사의 관리규약은 해당 근로계약의 한 내용으로 편입되었다고 볼 수 있으며, 관리규약 제55조 2는 해임사유만을 규정하고 정직 등 징계에 관한 규정은 없음.
- 해당 정직처분은 12개월 직무 정지, 급여 미지급, 6개월 후 징계사항 미해제 또는 취업 시 자동 면직 처리 등의 내용으로, 실질적으로 해고에 해당하거나 해고보다 가혹한 징계처분임.
- 회사가 해고에 준하는 정직처분을 함에 있어서는 피고 관리규약에 따라 관리위원회의 결의를 반드시 거쳐야 함.
- 회사의 대표인 회장이 관리위원회의 결의를 거치지 않고 단독으로 해당 정직처분을 하였으므로, 해당 정직처분은 무효임.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2008. 3. 14. 선고 2007다1418 판결: 4인 이하 사업장의 사용자가 근로자와 기간의 정함이 없는 근로계약을 체결하면서 해고의 사유를 열거하고 그 소정의 사유에 의하여서만 근로자를 해고할 수 있도록 하는 해고제