수원고등법원 | 2020-01-15 | 2019나16211
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
보존회 통장사본 유출에 따른 회원 제명 징계의 재량권 일탈·남용 여부
결과 요약
- 회사의 항소를 기각함.
- 근로자에 대한 제명 징계는 재량권 일탈·남용으로 무효임.
사실관계
- 근로자는 보존회의 통장사본을 고발 시 문서관리 규정에서 정한 절차를 준수하지 않고 수사기관에 제출함.
- 해당 통장에는 문화재청과 평택시 등 국가 및 지방자치단체로부터 지원받은 보조금의 입출금 내역 등이 기재되어 있었음.
- 평택시는 평택시 무형문화재 보존 및 지원조례에 의하여 보존회 회원들에게 농악 전승 등을 위한 활동비 등의 보조금을 지급하였고, 보존회는 위와 같은 보조금을 관리함.
- 근로자의 고발로 인해 F와 G의 횡령 사실이 확인되어 형사처벌을 받음.
- 회사는 근로자의 행위가 보존회의 복무규정 및 문서관리규정을 위반하였다는 이유로 근로자를 제명함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
징계사유의 인정 여부
- 쟁점: 근로자의 통장사본 유출 행위가 징계사유에 해당하는지 여부.
- 법리: 보존회의 통장은 공적으로 지원받은 돈을 포함하여 보존회의 각종 자금이 입출금된 기록으로, 일반적으로 알려져 있지 아니한 사항이고 이를 비밀로 보호할 필요성도 인정되므로, 위 통장의 사본은 보존회의 중요한 문서로서 기밀에 해당함.
- 판단:
- 보존회 통장사본은 보존회의 중요한 문서로서 기밀에 해당하며, F와 G의 횡령 사실이 밝혀졌다고 하여 통장사본의 기밀성이 상실된다고 볼 수 없음.
- 근로자가 고발 시 문서관리 규정에서 정한 절차를 거치지 않고 통장사본을 반출하여 수사기관에 제출한 행위는 보존회의 복무규정 제6조와 문서관리규정 제38조를 위반한 것으로 징계사유에 해당함.
- 회사가 이 사건 고발 이후에 만들어진 규정을 소급 적용하여 근로자를 징계했다는 근로자의 주장은, 고발 당시와 징계 당시의 규정이 동일하거나 거의 유사하게 규정되어 있었으므로 이유 없음.
- 따라서 근로자에 대한 징계사유는 인정됨.
징계양정의 재량권 일탈·남용 여부
- 쟁점: 근로자에 대한 제명 징계가 재량권을 일탈·남용한 것인지 여부.
- 법리: 조합과 같은 단체의 구성원인 조합원에 대한 제명처분은 조합원의 의사에 반하여 그 조합원인 지위를 박탈하는 것이므로 조합의 이익을 위하여 불가피한 경우에 최종적인 수단으로서만 인정되어야 하며, 이는 인적 구성원이 중심이 되는 법인에도 마찬가지로 적용됨. 징계와 같은 불이익 처분에 있어서는 징계 시 그 기준이 경감된 경우 다른 특별한 사정이 없는 한 경감된 기준을 적용하는 것이 타당함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
수원고등법원 제4민사부 판결
사건: 2019나16211 총회결의무효확인 원고,피항소인: A 소송대리인 법무법인 일호 담당변호사 김선철, 박민삼, 신미화 피고,항소인: 사단법인 B 소송대리인 법무법인 엘케이비앤파트너스 담당변호사 유지원, 한경우 제1심판결: <case_cite ref="수원지방법원 평택지원/2018가합12249">수원지방법원 평택지원 2019. 7. 18. 선고 2018가합12249 판결</case_cite> 변론종결: 2019. 12. 11. 판결선고: 2020. 1. 15.
1. 피고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 피고가 부담한다.
1. 기초사실과 원고의 주장 이 법원이 이 부분에 쓸 이유는 제1심판결 해당 부분(2쪽 5줄부터 4쪽 밑에서 5줄까지)의 이유와 같으므로, 민사소송법 제420조 본문에 의하여 이를 인용한다. 2. 판단 가. 인정사실 1) 회원 복무 규정 가) 원고가 이 사건 고발을 할 당시 보존회의 'C보존회 복무규정'(이하 '고발 시 복무규정'이라 한다)은 다음과 같이 규정하고 있었다. 제6조(기밀누설의 금지) 회원 및 사무국 직원은 재직 중은 물론 퇴직 후에도 직무상 취득한 기밀을 누설하여서는 안 된다. 나) 이 사건 징계 당시 피고의 '회원 복무 규정'은 다음과 같이 규정하고 있었다. 제6조(기밀누설의 금지) 회원은 재직 중은 물
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12.\uacbd) \ub2f9\uc2dc '\uc9c1\ubb34\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc54c\uac8c \ub41c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ube44\ubc00\ub204\uc124\u00b7\uc720\ucd9c'\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc81c\uba85\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\uae30\uc900\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc124\ub839 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc704 \uc9d5\uacc4\uae30\uc900\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud588\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc2dc \uc9d5\uacc4\uaddc\uc815 '\ubcc4\ud45c 2\uc758 2 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac1c\ubcc4\uae30\uc900'\uc740 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc815\uc9c1 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub9cc \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac1c\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uacbd\uac10\ub41c \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \ubb38\uc11c\uad00\ub9ac \uaddc\uc815 \uc704\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uace0\ubc1c \uc2dc \ubc0f \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc2dc \uc9d5\uacc4\uaddc\uc815 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc728\ud558\ub294 \ud56d\ubaa9\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, '\ud488\uc704\uc190\uc0c1\u00b7\ud68c\uce59 \ubc0f \uaddc\uc815 \uc704\ubc18' \uad00\ub828 \ud56d\ubaa9\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uac15\ub4f1 \ub610\ub294 \uc815\uc9c1 \uc774\ud558\ub85c \uc9d5\uacc4\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uace0\ubc1c\ub85c \ud6a1\ub839\uc774 \ud655\uc778\ub41c \uc810, \ud53c\uace0 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \ud601\uc2e0\uacfc \uc790\uc815\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc810, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uace0\ubc1c\uc774 \uc804\ud600 \uadfc\uac70 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud6a1\ub839\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \ud615\uc0ac\ucc98\ubc8c\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc190\ud574\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc885\uc804 \uc9d5\uacc4(2014. 10. 21.)\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 \ud589\uc704(2014. 8. 12.) \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc9d5\uacc4\uae30\uac04 \uc911\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \uac00\uc911 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc778 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uaddc\uc815 \uc704\ubc18(\ubcf5\ubb34\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c6\uc870\uc640 \ubb38\uc11c\uad00\ub9ac\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c38\uc870 \uc704\ubc18)\uc740 \uc11c\ub85c \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc9d5\uacc4\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c34\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uac00\uc911 \uc801\uc6a9\ub3c4 \ubd88\uac00\ud568.\n- \uc81c\uba85\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ud68c\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc790\uaca9\uacfc \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubc15\ud0c8\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ube44\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc81c\uba85 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub294 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\ubb34\ud615\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac \ubcf4\uc720\ub2e8\uccb4\ub85c\uc11c \uad6d\uac00, \uc9c0\ubc29\uc790\uce58\ub2e8\uccb4, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uae30\uad00\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc9c0\uc6d0\uae08\uc758 \ud22c\uba85\ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc740 \uc758\ubb38\uc758 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c F\uc640 G \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc774 \ub2e4\uc18c \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud68c\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc744 \uad34\ub86d\ud788\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\ud600 \uadfc\uac70 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uace0\ubc1c\uc744 \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d8.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub2e8\uccb4 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc81c\uba85 \ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ucd5c\ud6c4\uc758 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\uc911\ud558\uac8c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ub0b4\ubd80 \ube44\ub9ac \uace0\ubc1c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uacf5\uc775\uc801 \uce21\uba74\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\ub294 \uadf8 \uc591\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub354\uc6b1 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc2ec\uc0ac\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc2dc\uc810\uc758 \uacbd\uac10\ub41c \uc9d5\uacc4\uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ubc95\ub9ac\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4 \ub300\uc0c1\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \ubc29\ud5a5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc95\uc744 \ud574\uc11d\ud558\ub294 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uacbd\uc911, \ud589\uc704\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801, \uc2e4\uc81c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uacb0\uacfc \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc801\uc815\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\uc784."}
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1994. 5. 10. 선고 93다21750 판결
- 판단:
- 근로자의 징계사유 행위(2014. 8. 12.경) 당시 '직무와 관련하여 알게 된 중요한 비밀누설·유출'의 경우 제명이 가능한 징계기준이 존재했다고 단정하기 어려움.
- 설령 당시 위 징계기준이 존재했더라도, 징계 시 징계규정 '별표 2의 2 징계에 관한 개별기준'은 해당 사유에 대해 정직 이하의 징계만 가능하도록 개정되었으므로, 경감된 기준을 적용하는 것이 타당함.
- 문서관리 규정 위반에 대해서는 고발 시 및 징계 시 징계규정 모두 직접적으로 규율하는 항목이 없으며, '품위손상·회칙 및 규정 위반' 관련 항목은 모두 강등 또는 정직 이하로 징계하도록 규정하고 있음.
- 근로자의 고발로 횡령이 확인된 점, 피고 내부의 혁신과 자정이 필요한 점, 근로자의 고발이 전혀 근거 없는 것이 아니며 실제로 횡령이 인정되어 형사처벌이 이루어진 점 등을 고려할 때, 근로자의 행위로 회사에게 손해가 발생했다고 보기 어려움.
- 근로자에 대한 종전 징계(2014. 10. 21.)는 근로자의 징계사유 행위(2014. 8. 12.) 이후에 있었으므로, 근로자의 행위를 징계기간 중의 행위로 볼 수 없어 가중 사유에 해당하지 않음.
- 징계사유인 두 가지 규정 위반(복무규정 제6조와 문서관리규정 제38조 위반)은 서로 관련이 있으므로, 징계규정 제34조 제1항에