서울고등법원 (춘천) | 2023-02-08 | 2022누397
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
군 간부의 근무시간 외 출타 지역 제한 규정 위반 여부 판단 기준 및 무단이탈 징계처분 취소
결과 요약
- 육군 제3보병사단 소속 중사 근로자가 근무시간 외 출타 중 부대 복귀 가능 지역을 벗어나 무단이탈하였다는 사유로 받은 감봉 1월의 징계처분(이후 견책으로 감경)은 처분 사유가 부존재하여 위법하다고 판단, 회사의 항소를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 육군 제3보병사단 C중대 소속 중사로, 2021. 9. 15. 근무지 무단이탈을 이유로 감봉 1월의 징계처분을 받음.
- 근로자는 이에 불복하여 항고하였고, 징계항고심사위원회는 2021. 10. 22. 근무지이탈금지의무 위반은 인정하나 복종의무 위반은 불인정하여 원징계처분을 '견책'으로 감경함.
- 근로자는 2021. 8. 21. 토요일 07:00경 강원 철원군 E리 인근 근무지를 벗어나 강원 양양군 남애리 해변에서 스쿠버 다이빙 등 체육활동을 하고 숙박 후 다음 날 11:00경 주거지로 복귀함.
- 회사는 육군 제3보병사단 행정예규 사기/복지규정 제8조 제2호(2시간 이내 부대 복귀 가능한 지역까지만 출타)를 근거로 근로자의 행위를 무단이탈로 판단함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
군 간부의 근무시간 외 출타 지역 제한 규정의 법적 근거 및 무단이탈 판단 기준
- 쟁점: 군 간부의 근무시간 외 출타 지역 제한 규정(2시간 이내 부대 복귀 가능 지역)이 상위 법령에 근거한 것인지, 그리고 근로자의 행위가 해당 규정을 위반한 무단이탈에 해당하는지 여부.
- 법리:
- 군인복무기본법 제47조 제2항 및 동법 시행령 제38조 제2항은 장성급 지휘관이 전시·사변 등 국가비상사태에 신속 대응하기 위해 군인의 휴가·외박·외출 지역을 제한할 수 있도록 규정함.
- 그러나 해당 처분 당시 시행되던 구 군인복무기본법 시행령은 간부의 외출에 관한 규정을 두지 않았고, 2021. 12. 31. 개정된 시행령 제10조 제7항은 근무시간 중 개인 용무를 위한 외출만을 규정함.
- 따라서 이 사건 간부 출타 지역 제한 규정은 군인복무기본법 제47조 제2항, 동법 시행령 제38조 제2항에 근거한 것으로 보기 어려움.
- 비상소집 시 지체 없는 집결 의무(군인복무기본법 제47조 제1항)를 위해 간부의 출타 지역 제한 필요성은 인정되나, 구체적이고 명시적인 근거 법령이나 판단 기준이 미비함.
- 이 사건 간부 출타 지역 제한 규정은 사단장의 직무상 명령 성격을 가지므로 부대원은 지킬 의무를 부담함.
- 다만, 이동의 자유를 제한하는 규정이므로, 상위 법령 미비 등을 고려할 때 그 위반 여부는 엄격하게 해석·적용해야 함.
- 무단이탈 여부는 이동 거리, 소요 시간, 담당 업무, 일과 시간 여부, 이동 목적, 이동 방법 등 개별적·구체적 상황을 종합적으로 고려하여 신중하게 판단해야 함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울고등법원 춘천제1행정부 판결
사건: (춘천)2022누397 징계처분결정에 대한 취소 원고,피항소인: A 소송대리인 변호사 백광현 피고,항소인: 육군 3보병사단 B대대 대대장 제1심판결: <case_cite ref="춘천지방법원/2021구합546">춘천지방법원 2022. 4. 5. 선고 2021구합546 판결</case_cite> 변론종결: 2022. 12. 7. 판결선고: 2023. 2. 8.
1. 피고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 피고가 부담한다.
1. 이 사건 처분의 경위 가. 원고는 육군 제3보병사단 C중대에 근무하는 중사 계급의 부사관이다. 나. 원고는 2021. 9. 15. 다음과 같은 징계대상사실에 관하여 피고로부터 감봉 1월의 징계처분을 받았다(이하 '원징계처분'이라 한다). <table_bc id="2_1" src="20240202/e3add79288947da6_table_1.jpg" width="1328" height="796" x_position="161" y_position="714" /> 다. 원고는 같은 날 이에 불복하여 항고하였고, 징계항고심사위원회는 2021. 10. 22. 징계혐의사실 중 근무지이탈금지의무위빈(무단이탈)은 인정되나 복종의
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\uc721\uad70 \uc81c3\ubcf4\ubcd1\uc0ac\ub2e8 C\uc911\ub300 \uc18c\uc18d \uc911\uc0ac\ub85c, 2021. 9. 15. \uadfc\ubb34\uc9c0 \ubb34\ub2e8\uc774\ud0c8\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uac10\ubd09 1\uc6d4\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774\uc5d0 \ubd88\ubcf5\ud558\uc5ec \ud56d\uace0\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc9d5\uacc4\ud56d\uace0\uc2ec\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2021. 10. 22. \uadfc\ubb34\uc9c0\uc774\ud0c8\uae08\uc9c0\uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub098 \ubcf5\uc885\uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18\uc740 \ubd88\uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 '\uacac\ucc45'\uc73c\ub85c \uac10\uacbd\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2021. 8. 21. \ud1a0\uc694\uc77c 07:00\uacbd \uac15\uc6d0 \ucca0\uc6d0\uad70 E\ub9ac \uc778\uadfc \uadfc\ubb34\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uac15\uc6d0 \uc591\uc591\uad70 \ub0a8\uc560\ub9ac \ud574\ubcc0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2a4\ucfe0\ubc84 \ub2e4\uc774\ube59 \ub4f1 \uccb4\uc721\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud558\uace0 \uc219\ubc15 \ud6c4 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub0a0 11:00\uacbd \uc8fc\uac70\uc9c0\ub85c \ubcf5\uadc0\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc721\uad70 \uc81c3\ubcf4\ubcd1\uc0ac\ub2e8 \ud589\uc815\uc608\uaddc \uc0ac\uae30/\ubcf5\uc9c0\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c8\uc870 \uc81c2\ud638(2\uc2dc\uac04 \uc774\ub0b4 \ubd80\ub300 \ubcf5\uadc0 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5ed\uae4c\uc9c0\ub9cc \ucd9c\ud0c0)\ub97c \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ubb34\ub2e8\uc774\ud0c8\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uad70 \uac04\ubd80\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04 \uc678 \ucd9c\ud0c0 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc81c\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \ubc95\uc801 \uadfc\uac70 \ubc0f \ubb34\ub2e8\uc774\ud0c8 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\n- **\uc7c1\uc810:** \uad70 \uac04\ubd80\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04 \uc678 \ucd9c\ud0c0 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc81c\ud55c \uaddc\uc815(2\uc2dc\uac04 \uc774\ub0b4 \ubd80\ub300 \ubcf5\uadc0 \uac00\ub2a5 \uc9c0\uc5ed)\uc774 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\ud568.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \uc801\ubc95\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc99d\uba85\ucc45\uc784\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c (\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2018. 4. 12. \uc120\uace0 2017\ub45074702 \ud310\uacb0 \ucde8\uc9c0 \ucc38\uc870).\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ubc29\ubb38\ud55c \uac15\uc6d0 \uc591\uc591\uad70 \ub0a8\uc560\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uac15\uc6d0 \ucca0\uc6d0\uad70 E\ub9ac\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \ucd5c\ub2e8 198km\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\uc7a5 230km\uc774\uba70, \ud574\ub2f9 \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c 2\uc2dc\uac04 \ub0b4\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uadc0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubb3c\ub9ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud588\ub294\uc9c0 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud568.\n- '2\uc2dc\uac04 \uc774\ub0b4 \ubd80\ub300 \ubcf5\uadc0 \uac00\ub2a5'\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uc720\ub3d9\uc801\uc778 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc0c1, \ubcf5\uadc0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uac00 \ud655\uc2e4\uce58 \uc54a\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\uac8c \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ucd9c\ud0c0\ub294 \uc77c\uacfc\uc2dc\uac04 \uc678 \ud3c9\uc2dc \uc8fc\ub9d0 \ubc0f \uacf5\ud734\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc73c\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ube44\uc0c1\uc18c\uc9d1 \uc2dc \uc6b0\uc120 \ub300\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uc704\uae30\uc870\uce58\uae30\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- \ube44\uc0c1\uc18c\uc9d1 \ubc1c\ub839 \uc0ac\uc720(\uad6d\uac00\ube44\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud0dc \ub4f1)\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc870\uc9d0\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \ube44\uc0c1\uc18c\uc9d1 \uc2dc \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc790\uac00\uc6a9 \ucc28\ub7c9\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uccb4 \uc5c6\uc774 \ubcf5\uadc0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc815\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ube44\uc0c1\uc18c\uc9d1 \uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc2dc\uac04 \ub0b4 \uc751\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud588\uac70\ub098, \ucd9c\ud0c0 \uac00\ub2a5 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uadfc\ubb34\uc9c0 \uc774\ud0c8\uae08\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ucc98\ubd84 \uc0ac\uc720\ub294 \ubd80\uc874\uc7ac\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ubc95\ub839:**\n- \uad70\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ubc0f \ubcf5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc81c24\uc870 (\uc9c1\ubb34\uc0c1 \uba85\ub839)\n- \uad70\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ubc0f \ubcf5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc81c25\uc870 (\ubcf5\uc885\uc758 \uc758\ubb34)\n- \uad70\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ubc0f \ubcf5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc81c29\uc870 (\uc9c1\ubb34\uc774\ud0c8 \uae08\uc9c0)\n- \uad70\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ubc0f \ubcf5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc81c47\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d (\ube44\uc0c1\uc18c\uc9d1)\n- \uad70\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ubc0f \ubcf5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc81c47\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d (\uc774\ub3d9\uc9c0\uc5ed \uc81c\ud55c)\n- \uad6c \uad70\uc778\ubcf5\ubb34\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 (2021. 12. 31. \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\ub839 \uc81c32312\ud638\ub85c \uac1c\uc815\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc758 \uac83) \uc81c14\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d (\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc678\ucd9c)\n- \uad70\uc778\ubcf5\ubb34\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c10\uc870 \uc81c7\ud56d (\ud558\uc0ac \uc774\uc0c1 \uad70\uc778\uc758 \uc678\ucd9c)\n- \uad70\uc778\ubcf5\ubb34\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c38\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d (\ube44\uc0c1\uc18c\uc9d1)\n- \uad70\uc778\ubcf5\ubb34\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c38\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d (\uc774\ub3d9\uc9c0\uc5ed \uc81c\ud55c)\n- \uad70\uc778\ubcf5\ubb34\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c38\uc870 \uc81c4\ud56d (\ube44\uc0c1\uc18c\uc9d1 \uc138\ubd80\uc0ac\ud56d)\n- \uad70\ud615\ubc95 \uc81c79\uc870 (\ubb34\ub2e8\uc774\ud0c8)\n- \ubd80\ub300\uad00\ub9ac\ud6c8\ub839 \uc81c116\uc870 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc81c118\uc870 (\ube44\uc0c1\uc18c\uc9d1)\n- **\ud310\ub840:**\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2018. 4. 12. \uc120\uace0 2017\ub45074702 \ud310\uacb0 (\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 \uc99d\uba85\ucc45\uc784)\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucd9c\ud0c0 \ud6c4 \ubcf5\uadc0\ud558\uc5ec \uc911\ub300\uc7a5\uc5d0\uac8c \uc790\uc218\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 \uc18c\uc18d \ubd80\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\ube44\uc0c1\uc0ac\ud0dc \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ube44\ud558\uc5ec \uae34\uae09\uc870\uce58\uc870, \ucd08\uae30\ub300\uc751\ubc18, \uc704\uae30\uc870\uce58\ubc18 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc704\uae30\uc870\uce58\uae30\uad6c\ub97c \ud3b8\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc704\uae30\uc870\uce58\uae30\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uad70 \uac04\ubd80\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04 \uc678 \ucd9c\ud0c0 \uc9c0\uc5ed \uc81c\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \ubc95\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ubbf8\uc57d\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \uc801\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc790\uc720 \uc81c\ud55c\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uce21\uba74\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788 '2\uc2dc\uac04 \uc774\ub0b4 \ubd80\ub300 \ubcf5\uadc0 \uac00\ub2a5'\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\uc131 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc \ud53c\uc9d5\uacc4\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\uac8c \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec, \ubaa8\ud638\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud568.\n- \uad70\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4, \uc0c1\uc704 \ubc95\ub839\uc758 \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uadfc\uac70 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud558\uc704 \uaddc\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uae30\ubcf8\uad8c\uc744 \uad11\ubc94\uc704\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\ubc95\uc801 \ud1b5\uc81c\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\uc784.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc99d\uba85\ucc45\uc784\uc774 \ud53c\uace0(\uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c\uc790)\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uba70, \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uc785\uc99d\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568."}
- 징계처분 적법성에 대한 증명책임은 회사에게 있음 (대법원 2018. 4. 12. 선고 2017두74702 판결 취지 참조).
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자가 방문한 강원 양양군 남애리에서 강원 철원군 E리까지의 거리가 최단 198km에서 최장 230km이며, 해당 거리를 2시간 내에 복귀하는 것이 물리적으로 반드시 불가능했는지 불분명함.
- '2시간 이내 부대 복귀 가능'이라는 불분명하고 유동적인 개념을 사용한 규정의 특성상, 복귀 여부가 확실치 않을 경우 근로자에게 유리하게 판단해야 함.
- 근로자의 출타는 일과시간 외 평시 주말 및 공휴일에 이루어졌으며, 근로자는 당시 비상소집 시 우선 대응하는 위기조치기구에 속하지 않았음.
- 비상소집 발령 사유(국가비상사태 등)가 발생할 만한 조짐도 없었으며, 비상소집 시 근로자가 자가용 차량으로 지체 없이 복귀할 수 있었을 것으로 보임.
- 위와 같은 사정들을 종합할 때, 근로자가 비상소집 명령에 상당한 시간 내 응하는 것이 불가능했거나, 출타 가능 범위를 벗어나 근무지 이탈금지 의무를 위반했다고 인정하기 어려움.
- 따라서 해당 처분