청주지방법원 | 2019-05-22 | 2018고정415
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
학원 강사의 근로자성 및 퇴직금 산정 기간 판단
결과 요약
- 피고인에게 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 위반 혐의로 벌금 200만 원을 선고하고, 미납 시 10만 원을 1일로 환산하여 노역장에 유치하며, 벌금 상당액의 가납을 명함.
사실관계
- 피고인은 2015. 1. 2.부터 2017. 9. 22.까지 충북 청주시 흥덕구 소재 C학원을 운영함.
- 피해자 D은 위 학원에서 근로하였으며, 피고인은 D의 퇴직금 14,591,192원을 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 지급하지 아니함.
- 당사자들 사이에 퇴직금 지급기일 연장에 관한 합의는 없었음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
D의 근로자성 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자 여부는 계약 형식보다 실질에 있어 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공했는지 여부로 판단함.
- 판단:
- 피고인과 D은 '근로계약서'를 작성하며 월 급여, 근로시간, 통상임금 산정 기준, 특강 및 주말반 수당 배분, 부업금지, 교육자료 제공, 보고서 작성, 지시 이행 의무, 지각/조퇴 시 임금 감액, 징계 및 해고 권한 등을 명시함.
- D은 연봉 비밀유지서약서, 직원윤리강령 준수 서약, 비밀유지서약서를 작성함.
- 피고인은 강좌 개설, 수강생 분배, 수업시간표 작성, 출근 지시, 휴가/결강 허가, 대체 강사 지정 등을 결정함.
- 피고인 또는 부원장은 주 1회 회의 참석, 보강, 학부모 상담, 동영상 강의 촬영 등을 지시함.
- 피고인은 D 등의 요청에 따라 2015. 5. 및 6. D 등 강사들을 근로소득자로 신고함.
- D은 2017. 6.경까지 고정급과 수당을 지급받아 사업 손실 위험을 부담하지 않았고, 2017. 7.경부터 비율제로 급여를 받았으나 이는 피고인의 요청에 따른 것임.
- D이 부가가치세법상 사업자등록을 하고, 2017. 7.경부터 고정급 없이 수강생 수에 따른 비율제로 급여를 받았으며, 급여액을 직접 계산하여 청구하고, 피고인이 강의 내용에 관여하지 않았다는 사정만으로는 근로자성을 부정할 수 없음.
- 결론: D은 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2006. 12. 7. 선고 2004다29736 판결: 근로기준법상 근로자 여부는 계약 형식보다 실질에 있어 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단하여야 하고, 여기에서 종속적인 관계가 있는지 여부는 업무 내용을 사용자가 정하고 취업규칙 또는 복무(인사)규정 등의 적용을 받으며 업무 수행 과정에서 사용자가 상당한 지휘·감독을 하는지, 사용자가 근무시간과 근무장소를 지정하고 근로자가 이에 구속을 받는지, 노무제공자가 스스로 비품·원자재나 작업도구 등을 소유하거나 제3자를 고용하여 업무를 대행케 하는 등 독립하여 자신의 계산으로 사업을 영위할 수 있는지, 노무 제공을 통한 이윤의 창출과 손실의 초래 등 위험을 스스로 안고 있는지, 보수의 성격이 근로 자체의 대상적 성격인지, 기본급이나 고정급이 정하여졌는지 및 근로소득세의 원천징수 여부 등 보수에 관한 사항, 근로 제공 관계의 계속성과 사용자에 대한 전속성의 유무와 그 정도, 사회보장제도에 관한 법령에서 근로자로서 지위를 인정받는지 등의 경제적·사회적 여러 조건을 종합하여 판단하여야 한다. 다만, 기본급이나 고정급이 정하여졌는지, 근로소득세를 원천징수하였는지, 사회보장제도에 관하여 근로자로 인정받는지 등의 사정은 사용자가 경제적으로 우월한 지위를 이용하여 임의로 정할 여지가 크기 때문에, 그러한 점들이 인정되지 않는다는 것만으로 근로자성을 쉽게 부정하여서는 안 된다.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
청주지방법원 판결
사건: 2018고정415 근로자퇴직급여보장법위반 피고인: A 검사: 김도연(기소), 김원재(공판) 변호인: 변호사 김용걸 판결선고: 2019. 5. 22.
피고인을 벌금 200만 원에 처한다. 피고인이 위 벌금을 납입하지 아니하는 경우 10만 원을 1일로 환산한 기간 피고인을 노역장에 유치한다. 위 벌금에 상당한 금액의 가납을 명한다.
범죄사실 피고인은 2015. 1. 2.부터 2017. 9. 22.까지 충북 청주시 흥덕구 B건물 3층에 있던 피고인 운영의 C학원에서 근로하였던 피해자 D의 퇴직금 14,591,192원<comment_bc id="1" />을 당사자들 사이의 지급기일 연장에 관한 합의 없이 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 지급하지 아니하였다. 증거의 요지 1. 제2회 공판조서 중 증인 D의 진술기재 1. 사업장조회(고용보험), 근로계약서, 비밀유지서약서, 직원윤리강령 준수서약, 연봉비 밀유지서약서, 각 E메시지(증거목록 순번 18 내지 24) 법령의 적용 1. 범죄사실에 대한 해당법조 및 형의 선택 <law_cite ref="근로자퇴직급여보장
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\uc801\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc218\ud589 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\uc744 \ud558\ub294\uc9c0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uadfc\ubb34\uc7a5\uc18c\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc774\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc18d\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294\uc9c0, \ub178\ubb34\uc81c\uacf5\uc790\uac00 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ube44\ud488\u00b7\uc6d0\uc790\uc7ac\ub098 \uc791\uc5c5\ub3c4\uad6c \ub4f1\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc81c3\uc790\ub97c \uace0\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ub300\ud589\ucf00 \ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uacc4\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0, \ub178\ubb34 \uc81c\uacf5\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc774\uc724\uc758 \ucc3d\ucd9c\uacfc \uc190\uc2e4\uc758 \ucd08\ub798 \ub4f1 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc548\uace0 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0, \ubcf4\uc218\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc778\uc9c0, \uae30\ubcf8\uae09\uc774\ub098 \uace0\uc815\uae09\uc774 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uadfc\ub85c\uc18c\ub4dd\uc138\uc758 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ub4f1 \ubcf4\uc218\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d, \uadfc\ub85c \uc81c\uacf5 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131\uacfc \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc18d\uc131\uc758 \uc720\ubb34\uc640 \uadf8 \uc815\ub3c4, \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub839\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\ub294\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uae30\ubcf8\uae09\uc774\ub098 \uace0\uc815\uae09\uc774 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc18c\ub4dd\uc138\ub97c \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218\ud558\uc600\ub294\uc9c0, \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc81c\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\ub294\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc0ac\uc815\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\uc6d4\ud55c \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc815\ud560 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \ud06c\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uc810\ub4e4\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc27d\uac8c \ubd80\uc815\ud558\uc5ec\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4.\n### D\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04 \ud310\ub2e8\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- D\uc774 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\uadfc\ud55c \ub0a0\uc740 2017. 11. 4.\uc774\ub098, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc5d0 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uadfc\ub85c\uc2dc\uac04\uacfc 1\uc77c \uc18c\uc815 \uadfc\ub85c\uc2dc\uac04 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud568.\n- D\uc740 2015. 1. 2.\ubd80\ud130 \ud3c9\uc77c \uc218\uc5c5\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud588\uace0, 2016\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2017. 9. 22.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc8fc\ub9d0 \uc218\uc5c5\ub3c4 \uc9c4\ud589\ud568.\n- D\uc740 2017. 9. 22.\ubd80\ud130 3\uc8fc\uac04 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uac00 2017. 10. \ubc0f 11.\uc5d0\ub294 \uc8fc\ub9d0\uc5d0\ub9cc \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub54c\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04\uc740 \uc885\uc804 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74 \ubc0f \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- D\uc740 2017. 10. \ubc0f 11.\uc758 \uc8fc\ub9d0\ubc18 \uc218\uc5c5\uc740 \uace03 \uc218\ub2a5 \ucf00\uc5b4\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ubcc4\ub3c4 \uc57d\uc815\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc9c4\ud589\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc9c4\uc220\ud568.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: D\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04\uc740 2017. 9. 22.\uae4c\uc9c0\ub85c \ubd04\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c44\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc81c9\uc870\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 3\ub144 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uc9d5\uc5ed \ub610\ub294 2\ucc9c\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \ubc8c\uae08\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c9\uc870: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uae09\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ub0a0\ubd80\ud130 14\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790 \uac04\uc758 \ud569\uc758\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc9c0\uae09\uae30\uc77c\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c70\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \ubc8c\uae08 \ub610\ub294 \uacfc\ub8cc\ub97c \uc120\uace0\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub0a9\uc785\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc758 \uc720\uce58\uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc120\uace0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c69\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d: \ubc8c\uae08\uc740 10\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc774\uc0c1 5\ucc9c\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc774\ud558\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \ud615\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c334\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ubc8c\uae08, \uacfc\ub8cc \ub610\ub294 \ucd94\uc9d5\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uadf8 \uc120\uace0\uc640 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uac00\ub0a9\uc744 \uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc758 \uc561\uc218, \uc0ac\uac74 \uacbd\uc704, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ub098\uc774, \uc131\ud589, \ud658\uacbd, \ubc94\ud589 \uc804\ud6c4\uc758 \uc815\ud669 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucc38\uc791\ud558\uc5ec \uc591\ud615\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ud559\uc6d0 \uac15\uc0ac\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \ub0b4\uc6a9\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uad00\uacc4, \uadfc\ubb34 \ud615\ud0dc, \ubcf4\uc218 \uc9c0\uae09 \ubc29\uc2dd \ub4f1 **\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc885\uc18d\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824**\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc790\ub4f1\ub85d \uc5ec\ubd80, \uace0\uc815\uae09 \uc720\ubb34, \uae09\uc5ec \uacc4\uc0b0 \ubc29\uc2dd \ub4f1\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc6b0\uc6d4 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc27d\uac8c \ubd80\uc815\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 \ud310\ub840\uc758 \ubc95\ub9ac\ub97c \ucda9\uc2e4\ud788 \uc801\uc6a9**\ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4 **\uc2e4\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uc758 \uc9c4\uc220, \uadfc\ubb34 \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824**\ud558\uc5ec \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uc815\ud655\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04\uc744 \ud655\uc815\ud568.\n- \ud559\uc6d0 \uac15\uc0ac \ub4f1 \ud2b9\uc218\uace0\uc6a9\ud615\ud0dc \uc885\uc0ac\uc790\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\uac00 \uc7c1\uc810\uc774 \ub418\ub294 \uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c **\ucc38\uace0\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uacfc \uc0ac\ub840\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc**\ud568."}
D의 근로기간 판단
- 판단:
- D이 마지막으로 출근한 날은 2017. 11. 4.이나, 근로계약서에 통상임금 산정을 위한 기준근로시간과 1일 소정 근로시간 약정이 존재함.
- D은 2015. 1. 2.부터 평일 수업을 진행했고, 2016년부터 2017. 9. 22.까지 주말 수업도 진행함.