서울중앙지방법원 | 2025-04-18 | 2022가합513636
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노동조합 선거 개입, E단체 탈퇴 공작 및 무고, 부당전보 관련 손해배상 청구 기각
결과 요약
- 근로자들의 회사에 대한 불법행위로 인한 손해배상 청구를 모두 기각함.
- 소송비용은 근로자들이 부담함.
사실관계
- 회사는 정보통신사업 등을 영위하는 회사이며, 근로자들은 피고 노동조합 내 현장조합원 조직인 'B단체' 소속 활동가임.
- 2008년 12월 피고 노동조합 위원장 선거에서 근로자 C이 낙선하고 D이 당선됨.
- 2009년 7월 피고 노동조합은 E단체를 탈퇴함.
- 원고 1 내지 13은 2009년 7월 13일 피고 노동조합의 E단체 탈퇴를 비판하는 기자회견을 하였고, 이로 인해 허위사실 적시 명예훼손 등의 혐의로 형사처벌을 받음.
- 원고 8 내지 31은 2014년 5월 회사의 신설 부서인 업무지원단으로 전보 발령됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
2008년 노동조합 선거 개입 주장에 관한 판단
- 쟁점: 회사가 2008년 노동조합 선거에 개입하여 근로자들의 선거운동을 방해하였는지 여부 및 불법행위 성립 여부.
- 법리: 불법행위로 인한 손해배상 청구권은 손해 및 가해자를 안 날로부터 3년, 불법행위가 있은 날로부터 10년 내에 행사해야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 국가정보원이 피고 노동조합 선거에 개입한 정황은 있으나, 회사가 선거에 개입하여 근로자들의 선거운동을 방해하였다는 사실을 인정하기 부족함.
- 설령 불법행위가 인정되더라도, 손해 발생일인 2008년 12월경으로부터 10년이 경과한 2022년 2월 25일에 소가 제기되었으므로, 손해배상채권은 시효로 소멸함.
- 근로자들의 소멸시효 완성 주장에 대한 권리남용 재항변은 받아들이기 어려움.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1999. 12. 7. 선고 98다42929 판결 (소멸시효 항변의 권리남용 여부 판단 기준)
2009년 E단체 탈퇴 공작 및 무고 주장에 관한 판단
- 쟁점: 회사가 2009년 피고 노동조합의 E단체 탈퇴에 개입하고 원고 1 내지 13을 무고하였는지 여부 및 불법행위 성립 여부.
- 법리: 무고죄는 타인으로 하여금 형사처분 또는 징계처분을 받게 할 목적으로 공무소 또는 공무원에 대하여 허위의 사실을 신고함으로써 성립함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울중앙지방법원 제42민사부 판결
사건: 2022가합513636 손해배상(기) 원고: 별지 원고 목록 기재와 같다. 원고들 소송대리인 법무법인 소헌 담당변호사 신인수, 이단아 피고: 주식회사 A 소송대리인 법무법인(유한) 우면 담당변호사 황문섭 변론종결: 2025. 4. 4. 판결선고: 2025. 4. 18.
1. 원고들의 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고들이 부담한다.
1. 인정사실 가. 피고는 정보통신사업, 정보통신기기 매매업, 통신판매업 등을 영위하는 회사이고, 원고들은 피고 노동조합 내 현장조합원 조직인 'B단체'에 소속되어 활동한 사람이다. 나. 2008. 12.경 피고 노동조합의 위원장 선거에서 원고 C이 낙선하고 D이 당선되었고, 피고 노동조합은 2009. 7.경 E단체(이하 'E단체'이라 한다)을 탈퇴하였다. 다. 원고1 내지 13은 2009. 7. 13. 피고 노동조합의 E단체 탈퇴와 관련하여 피고를 비판하는 내용의 기자회견을 하였고, 이와 관련하여 공연히 허위사실을 적시하여 피고 경영진들의 명예를 훼손하였다는 등의 범죄사실로 형사처벌을 받았다. 라. 원고8 내지 31은
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\uc704\uc6d0\uc7a5 \uc120\uac70\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0 C\uc774 \ub099\uc120\ud558\uace0 D\uc774 \ub2f9\uc120\ub428.\n- 2009\ub144 7\uc6d4 \ud53c\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc740 E\ub2e8\uccb4\ub97c \ud0c8\ud1f4\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 1 \ub0b4\uc9c0 13\uc740 2009\ub144 7\uc6d4 13\uc77c \ud53c\uace0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 E\ub2e8\uccb4 \ud0c8\ud1f4\ub97c \ube44\ud310\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc790\ud68c\uacac\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud5c8\uc704\uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc801\uc2dc \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190 \ub4f1\uc758 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \ud615\uc0ac\ucc98\ubc8c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 8 \ub0b4\uc9c0 31\uc740 2014\ub144 5\uc6d4 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc2e0\uc124 \ubd80\uc11c\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc9c0\uc6d0\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\ubcf4 \ubc1c\ub839\ub428.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### 2008\ub144 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc120\uac70 \uac1c\uc785 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\n- 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\uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2013\ub144 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub2f9\uae30\uc21c\uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uae30\ub85d\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uad6c\uc870\uc870\uc815 \ubc0f \uc778\ub825 \uc7ac\ubc30\uce58\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc2e0\uc124\ub41c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc9c0\uc6d0\ub2e8\uc740 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uacfc\uc758 \ud569\uc758\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc, \uc9d5\uacc4\uc804\ub825, \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc9c0\uc6d0\ub2e8 \ubc1c\ub839\uc790\ub97c \uc120\uc815\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ud569\ub9ac\uc131\uacfc \uacf5\uc815\uc131\uc744 \uac16\ucd98 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \uad6d\uac00\uc778\uad8c\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uac00 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc804\ubcf4\ubc1c\ub839\uc744 \ucc28\ubcc4\ud589\uc704\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uad6c\uc81c \uad8c\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ud589\uc815\ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc804\ubcf4\ubc1c\ub839\uc774 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\uc778\uad8c\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ucde8\uc18c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 2006\ub144 \uc791\uc131\ub41c '\ubd80\uc9c4\uc778\ub825 \ud1f4\ucd9c \ubc0f \uad00\ub9ac \ubc29\uc548' \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c 2014\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6b4\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc804\ubcf4\ubc1c\ub839\uc774 \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704\uc784\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc99d\uba85 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc18c\uba78\uc2dc\ud6a8 \uc644\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uad6d\uac00\uc815\ubcf4\uc6d0\uc758 \uac1c\uc785 \uc815\ud669\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704 \uac00\ub2f4\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc810, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad6d\uac00\uc778\uad8c\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uad8c\uace0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ud589\uc815\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \uc874\uc911\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\ubcf4 \ubc1c\ub839\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud568.\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \ub610\ub294 \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uac70 \ud655\ubcf4\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 법원의 판단:
- 원고 1 내지 13은 E단체 탈퇴 관련 기자회견으로 명예훼손 및 집회및시위에관한법률위반죄로 유죄 판결을 받았고, 이에 대한 재심 청구 및 근로자 C의 손해배상 청구도 기각되어 확정됨.
- 국가정보원이 E단체 탈퇴를 설득·유도한 사실은 인정되나, 회사가 국가정보원의 E단체 탈퇴 추진 행위에 가담하였다거나 근로자들을 무고하였다는 사실을 인정하기 부족함.
- 설령 불법행위가 인정되더라도, 손해 발생일인 이 사건 형사판결 확정일(2011년 7월 14일)로부터 10년이 경과한 2022년 2월 25일에 소가 제기되었으므로, 손해배상채권은 시효로 소멸함.
- 근로자들의 소멸시효 완성 주장에 대한 권리남용 재항변은 받아들이기 어려움.
2014년 업무지원단 부당전보 주장에 관한 판단
- 쟁점: 회사가 원고 8 내지 31을 B단체 소속이라는 이유로 업무지원단으로 부당전보하여 차별하였는지 여부 및 불법행위 성립 여부.
- 법리: 전보 발령의 정당성은 업무상 필요성, 생활상 불이익, 근로자와의 협의 여부 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 회사는 2013년 대규모 당기순손실을 기록하는 등 구조조정 및 인력 재배치의 필요성이 있었고, 신설된 업무지원단은 업무상 필요성이 인정됨.
- 회사는 노동조합과의 합의에 따라 인사고과, 징계전력, 근무태도를 기준으로 업무지원단 발령자를 선정하였으며, 이는 합리성과 공정성을 갖춘 것으로 보임.
- 국가인권위원회가 해당 전보발령을 차별행위로 보아 구제 권고를 하였으나, 행정법원은 해당 전보발령이 합리적인 이유가 있는 경우에 해당한다고 보아 국가인권위원회의 결정을 취소하였고, 이는 확정됨.