서울중앙지방법원 | 2021-06-24 | 2020가단5036126
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
직장 내 성희롱 및 괴롭힘, 국가배상 청구 기각 판결
결과 요약
- 근로자의 피고 B, C에 대한 불법행위로 인한 손해배상 청구 및 피고 대한민국에 대한 국가배상 청구를 모두 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2008년부터 기상청 소속 D기관에서 근무한 연구직 공무원이며, 피고 B은 근로자의 직장 선배, 피고 C은 피고 B의 배우자이자 근로자의 직장 상사임.
- 원고와 피고 B은 약 8년간 직장 동료로서 친밀한 관계를 유지하며 술자리를 함께하고 텔레그램으로 1:1 대화를 빈번하게 주고받음.
- 피고 B은 근로자에게 '사석에서는 오빠라고 불러라', '악수 한 번 하자', '보고 싶다' 등의 발언을 하였고, 근로자는 피고 B에게 대학 시절 사진을 보내거나 개인적인 안부를 묻는 등 친밀감을 표현함.
- 피고 C은 2018년 7월과 2019년 8월, 원고와 피고 B의 텔레그램 대화 내용을 확인하고 근로자에게 항의하며 두 사람의 관계에 대한 의문을 제기함.
- 피고 C은 2019년 9월, 원고와 피고 B에게 온라인/오프라인 대화 및 만남 금지, 같은 과 근무 금지 등을 요구하는 메시지를 보냄.
- 근로자는 피고 C의 요구를 인사상 압박으로 느끼고, 2019년 11월 기상청 인사담당자에게 피고 C으로부터의 괴롭힘을 이유로 부서 분리 조치를 요구함.
- 기상청은 근로자의 고충 신고에 대해 조사하였으나, 근로자의 희망대로 즉각적인 전보 조치는 어려웠고, 피고 C에 대한 징계는 '경고' 처분에 그침.
- 기상청은 근로자의 대학원 위탁교육 중 지방 발령을 피하고 싶다는 의사에도 불구하고, 충북 진천 T센터로의 전보 발령을 검토하였으나 현실화되지는 않음.
- 피고 C은 2020년 1월, 근로자의 고충 신고에도 불구하고 M실 과장으로 발령받아 원고와 같은 층에서 근무하게 됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
피고 B의 성희롱 및 불법행위 성립 여부
- 법리: 남녀고용평등과 일·가정 양립 지원에 관한 법률 제2조 제2호는 '직장 내 성희롱'을 직장 내 지위를 이용하거나 업무와 관련하여 성적 굴욕감 또는 혐오감을 느끼게 하는 성적 언동으로 정의함. 민법상 불법행위는 위법성이 인정되어야 함.
- 판단:
- 피고 B의 언행은 직장 상사로서 부적절하나, 업무 환경이나 근무 시간이 아닌 사적인 술모임이나 1:1 대화방에서 이루어졌으므로 지위를 우월적으로 이용하거나 업무와 관련한 언동으로 보기 어려움.
- 근로자가 수년간 피고 B과의 긴밀한 대화를 지속하며 피고 B이 이성으로서 호감을 표시하는 것을 알았음에도, 대학 시절 사진을 보내는 등 관계 발전에 기여한 부분이 있음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울중앙지방법원 판결
사건: 2020가단5036126 손해배상(기) 원고: A 소송대리인 변호사 권오훈 소송복대리인 변호사 이재열 피고: 1. B 2. C 피고: 1, 2의 소송대리인 법무법인 명장 담당변호사 설현천 3. 대한민국 소송대리인 정부법무공단 담당변호사 최호진 변론종결: 2021. 4. 8. 판결선고: 2021. 6. 24.
1. 원고의 피고들에 대한 각 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
1. 기초사실 가. 당사자들 및 상호 관계 1) 원고 원고는 2008. 4. 1. 기상청 소속기관으로서 당시 서울에 소재한 D기관에 계약직 연구원으로 입사하여, 2009. 1. 1.부터 D기관 E과 소속 연구원으로 근무하였다. 원고는 D기관이 2014. 제주 서귀포시로 이전하게 됨에 따라 2014. 2.부터 제주에서 근무하다가, 2014. 7. 28. 계약직이 아닌 연구직 공무원인 F로 정식 채용되었으며, 2017. 2. 1.부터는 서울 소재 기상청 G 소속 H실 F로 근무하고 있다. 원고는 2019년 1학기부터 서울 소재 I대학교 대학원 5학기 석사과정에 위탁교육생으로 지정되어 재학 중이다. 원고는 2006. 결혼하여
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\uc131\ud76c\ub871\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 B\uc758 \uc5b8\ud589\uc740 \ubd80\uc801\uc808\ud558\ub098, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubb35\uc778 \ubc0f \uc218\uc6a9 \ud558\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud615\uc131\ub41c \uc0ac\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc0c1 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\ucc45\uc784\uc744 \uc9c0\ub294 \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub0a8\ub140\uace0\uc6a9\ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \uc77c\u00b7\uac00\uc815 \uc591\ub9bd \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c2\ud638 (\uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uc131\ud76c\ub871\uc758 \uc815\uc758)\n- \ub0a8\ub140\uace0\uc6a9\ud3c9\ub4f1\uacfc \uc77c\u00b7\uac00\uc815 \uc591\ub9bd \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c12\uc870 (\uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \uae08\uc9c0)\n### \ud53c\uace0 C\uc758 \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704 \uc131\ub9bd \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc0ac\ud68c\uc0c1\uaddc\uc0c1 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc120 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568. \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uc6b0\uc6d4\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \uc694\uad6c\ub294 \uac11\uc9c8\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0 C\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0 B\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud56d\uc758\ud55c \uac83\uc740, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uad00\uacc4 \ud615\uc131\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc798\ubabb\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc0c1\uaddc\uc0c1 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ub118\uc5b4\uc11c \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 C\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0 B\uc5d0\uac8c \uc694\uad6c\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\ub4e4\uc740 \ubd80\uc801\uc808\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc911\ub2e8\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc778\uc0ac \uad00\ub828 \uc694\uad6c\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0 B\uc774 \uc778\uc0ac \ud76c\ub9dd \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c0\ucf1c\uc57c \ud560 \uc57d\uc18d\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub2e4\uc9d0\uc744 \ubc1b\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0 C\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\ub97c \ubc29\ubb38\ud558\uc5ec \ub300\ud654\ub97c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ub2a6\uc740 \uc800\ub141 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774\ub77c \ubd80\uc801\uc808\ud55c \uba74\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \ubb38\uc81c \ud574\uacb0\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ub300\ud654 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70 \uc8fc\uac70 \uce68\uc785\uc774\ub098 \uc704\ud611\uc801\uc778 \uc704\ubc95 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 C\uc774 \uc0c1\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc9c0\uc2dc, \ub3c5\ub824, \uc9c8\ucc45\uc744 \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc218\ud589 \uacfc\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70, \uc5b8\uc131\uc744 \ub192\uc778 \uac83\uc740 \uc798\ubabb\uc774\ub098 \uad8c\ud55c \ub0a8\uc6a9\uc774\ub098 \uc6b0\uc6d4\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uad34\ub86d\ud798\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n### \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud55c\ubbfc\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\ubc30\uc0c1\ucc45\uc784 \uc131\ub9bd \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uad6d\uac00\ubc30\uc0c1\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \uc9c1\ubb34\uc9d1\ud589, \uace0\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \uacfc\uc2e4, \uc190\ud574\uc640\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568. \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c76\uc870\uc7583\uc740 \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uad34\ub86d\ud798 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc870\uce58 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0 B\uacfc C\uc758 \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud55c\ubbfc\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\ubc30\uc0c1\ucc45\uc784\ub3c4 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uae30\uc0c1\uccad\uc758 \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uad34\ub86d\ud798 \uc2e0\uace0 \ucc98\ub9ac \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uc870\uc0ac \ubc0f \ucc98\ub9ac \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc9c0\uc5f0\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc778 \ubd84\ub9ac \uc870\uce58\uac00 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\ub358 \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 C\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc0ac\ubc1c\ub839 \uc804 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc591\ud574\ub97c \uad6c\ud55c \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uad34\ub86d\ud798 \uc2e0\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ud574\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc29 \uc804\ubcf4 \ubc1c\ub839 \uac80\ud1a0\ub294 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c1 \uc790\ub9ac \ubc0f \ud0c0 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc9c1 \uc804\ubcf4 \uc694\uc778\uc758 \uc81c\ud55c\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc0ac \uac80\ud1a0\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70, \ud604\uc2e4\ud654\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc704\ubc95 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 C\uc758 M\uc2e4 \uacfc\uc7a5 \ubc1c\ub839\uc740 \uad00\ub828 \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc778\uc0ac\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9 \ud589\uc704\uc774\uba70, \uc778\uc0ac\ud601\uc2e0\ucc98 \ubc0f \uad6d\ubbfc\uad8c\uc775\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uad6d\uac00\ubc30\uc0c1\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d (\uad6d\uac00 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \ucc45\uc784)\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c76\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c3\ud56d (\uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uad34\ub86d\ud798 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc870\uce58 \uc758\ubb34)\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c76\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c5\ud56d (\uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uad34\ub86d\ud798 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc2dc \uac00\ud574\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4 \ub4f1 \uc870\uce58)\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ubc0f \uad34\ub86d\ud798 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\ud53c\ud574\uc790\uc758 \uc8fc\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uac10\uc815\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uac00\ud574\uc790\uc640 \ud53c\ud574\uc790 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \ud615\uc131 \uacfc\uc815, \ud53c\ud574\uc790\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4, \uc0c1\ud638\uc791\uc6a9\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub4f1 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc815\ud669\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824**\ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud53c\ud574\uc790\uac00 \uac00\ud574\uc790\uc758 \ubd80\uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc5b8\ud589\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc9c0\uc18d\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uad00\uacc4 \ubc1c\uc804\uc5d0 \uae30\uc5ec\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \uc774\ub97c \uc131\ud76c\ub871\uc774\ub098 \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uad34\ub86d\ud798 \uc2e0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc870\uce58 \uc758\ubb34\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec, **\uc2e0\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ud76c\ub9dd\ub300\ub85c \uc989\uac01\uc801\uc778 \uc870\uce58\uac00 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\uace0 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc900\uc218\ud588\ub2e4\uba74 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4**\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ucde8\ud568.\n- \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc758 \uc778\uc0ac \ubc1c\ub839\uc740 \uc778\uc0ac\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9 \ud589\uc704\uc774\uba70, \uad00\ub828 \ubc95\uaddc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ubc94\uc704 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc704\ubc95\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubcf5\ud569\uc801\uc778 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \uc2e0\uc911\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uba70, **\ud53c\ud574\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \uad00\uacc4 \ud615\uc131 \ubc0f \uc720\uc9c0 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uacfc \ud0dc\ub3c4\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uace0\ub824\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c**\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 피고 C의 항의에 대해 근로자가 피고 B의 언행을 성적인 의도로 받아들이지 않았다는 취지로 답한 점 등을 종합할 때, 피고 B의 언행만으로 성적 굴욕감이나 혐오감을 느끼게 한 성희롱으로 볼 수 없음.
- 피고 B의 언행은 부적절하나, 근로자의 묵인 및 수용 하에 상호작용을 통해 형성된 사적인 관계에서 이루어진 것이므로 민사상 손해배상책임을 지는 위법한 불법행위에 해당한다고 볼 수 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 남녀고용평등과 일·가정 양립 지원에 관한 법률 제2조 제2호 (직장 내 성희롱의 정의)
- 남녀고용평등과 일·가정 양립 지원에 관한 법률 제12조 (직장 내 성희롱 금지)
피고 C의 불법행위 성립 여부
- 법리: 사회상규상 허용되는 범위를 넘어선 행위는 위법한 불법행위에 해당함. 직장 내 우월적 지위를 이용한 부당한 요구는 갑질에 해당할 수 있음.
- 판단:
- 피고 C이 원고와 피고 B의 관계를 인지하고 근로자에게 항의한 것은, 근로자가 관계 형성에 기여한 부분이 있음을 고려할 때, 근로자의 잘못을 지적한 것으로 사회상규상 허용되는 범위를 넘어서 위법하다고 볼 수 없음.
- 피고 C이 원고와 피고 B에게 요구한 사항들은 부적절한 관계를 중단시키기 위한 것으로 위법하다고 볼 수 없음. 특히 인사 관련 요구는 원고와 피고 B이 인사 희망 절차에서 지켜야 할 약속으로서 다짐을 받기 위한 것으로