광주고등법원 | 2016-06-15 | 2015나11464
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
교회 감사 해임 결의의 유효성 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 항소를 기각하고, 근로자의 교회 감사 해임 결의 무효 확인 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 피고 교회 간사 D는 2008년부터 2013년까지 교회 자금 3억 7천여만 원을 횡령하고 허위 입출금 내역을 조작함.
- 피고 교회는 금융사고 조사 특별위원회를 구성하여 D의 횡령 사실을 조사함.
- 근로자는 추가 감사 필요성을 제기하며 회계 자료 및 회의록 제공을 요청했으나 피고 교회가 거부함.
- 근로자는 2014년 3월 피고 교회와 새마을금고를 상대로 회계장부 등 열람 및 등사 가처분을 신청하여 인용 결정을 받음.
- 피고 교회 집사 H는 담임목사 F 등을 횡령 혐의로 고발했고, 근로자는 F, G을 업무방해, 회계장부 위변조, 횡령 혐의로 고소함.
- 검찰은 F에 대해 혐의없음 처분하고, D와 J에 대해서는 공소를 제기하여 유죄 판결이 확정됨.
- 근로자는 2013년 12월부터 2014년 6월까지 담임목사 F 등에게 수차례 폭언을 하고, 회계장부에 '감사미결' 등 자신의 주장을 기재함.
- 피고 교회의 다른 감사들은 근로자가 금융사고 책임이 있고 감사의 임무를 다하지 않았으며, 폭언 등으로 감사를 방해했다며 근로자에 대한 조치를 요구함.
- 피고 교회는 2014년 6월 29일 정기 당회에서 근로자가 가처분 신청, 동료 감사 업무 방해, 공갈·협박 등으로 감사의 직권을 남용했다는 이유로 근로자를 감사에서 해임하는 결의를 함.
- 피고 교회 당회 재판국은 2015년 10월 31일 근로자를 장로에서 면직하고 출교하는 판결을 했으나, 근로자가 불복하여 항소심 진행 중이므로 근로자는 여전히 교인 및 장로 지위를 유지함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
1. 교회 감사 해임 결의에 대한 사법심사 가능 여부 (본안전항변)
- 법리: 종교단체 내부의 규제(권징재판)가 아닌 한, 종교단체 내에서 개인이 누리는 지위에 영향을 미치는 단체법상 행위라 하여 반드시 사법심사 대상에서 제외하거나 소의 이익을 부정할 수 없음.
- 판단:
- 해당 해임 결의는 근로자의 감사의 지위를 대상으로 하며, 절차적 흠결 및 해임 사유 부존재를 청구 원인으로 하는 일반 단체 내부의 임직원 해임 분쟁과 유사함.
- 총회 헌법상 권징재판의 대상은 교인, 직원(장로, 집사, 권사, 전도사, 서리집사)으로 한정되며, 감사의 지위에 관한 해당 해임 결의는 권징재판에 해당하지 않음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
광주고등법원 제2민사부 판결
사건: 2015나11464 해임결의무효확인 원고,항소인: A 피고,피항소인: B종교단체 C교회 제1심판결: <case_cite ref="광주지방법원/2014가합56586">광주지방법원 2015. 4. 2. 선고 2014가합56586 판결</case_cite> 변론종결: 2016. 4. 27. 판결선고: 2016. 6. 15.
1. 원고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 원고가 부담한다.
1. 기초사실 가. 당사자들의 지위 피고(이하 '피고 교회'라 한다)는 B종교단체 소속 교회이고, 원고는 피고 교회의 장로로 피고 교회의 정관에 따라 피고 교회 당회에서 제직회의 구성원인 감사로 선정되어 2013. 1. 1.부터 감사로 재직하였다. 나. 이 사건 해임결의에 이르기까지의 경위 등 1) 간사 D의 교회자금 횡령 등 가) D는 피고 교회의 간사로 근무하면서 피고 교회 명의의 계좌를 관리하면서 회계 업무를 담당하던 중 2008. 1. 11.경 피고 교회 명의의 계좌가 개설된 E새마을금고 0지점의 지점장인 J에게 피고 교회 명의의 계좌에서 1,040,000원을 인출하여 달라고 부탁하고 같은 날 J으로부터 위 1,
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\uacb0\uc758\ub098 \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub85c \ub3cc\ub9b4 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \ud558\uc790\ub85c \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uace0, **\ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub97c \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \ub458 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \uc815\uc758\uad00\ub150\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0**\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- **\uad8c\uc9d5\uc7ac\ud310 \uc808\ucc28 \ubbf8\uc900\uc218 \uc8fc\uc7a5**: \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub294 \ucd1d\ud68c \ud5cc\ubc95\uc0c1 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uac10\uc0ac\ub97c \ud574\uc784\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uad8c\uc9d5\uc7ac\ud310\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uccd0\uc57c \ud560 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uac10\uc0ac\ub97c \uc120\uc815\ud560 \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ub2f9\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\uc815 \uc808\ucc28\uc640 \uc758\uacb0 \uc815\uc871\uc218\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud574\uc784\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\uc18c\uc9d1 \uc808\ucc28 \ud558\uc790 \uc8fc\uc7a5**:\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uad00\uc740 \ub2f9\ud68c \uc18c\uc9d1 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ub530\ub85c \uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ud53c\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \ub2f9\ud68c\ub294 \uc0ac\ub2e8\ubc95\uc778\uc758 \ucd1d\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc751\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uad00\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ubbc0\ub85c \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c71\uc870(\ucd1d\ud68c 1\uc8fc\uc77c \uc804 \ubaa9\uc801\uc0ac\ud56d \uae30\uc7ac \ud1b5\uc9c0)\uac00 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc720\ucd94 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2f9\ud68c\ub294 \uc815\uad00\uc5d0 \uc815\ud574\uc9c4 \uc77c\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\uc0ac\uc815\uc871\uc218\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\ud558\uc5ec \uac1c\ucd5c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \ud574\uc784 \uacb0\uc758\ub294 \uc758\uacb0\uc815\uc871\uc218\ub97c \ucda9\uc871\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\ub3c4 \ub2f9\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud558\uc5ec \uc758\uacac\uc744 \ubc1d\ud798.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc18c\uc9d1 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ub098 \ubaa9\uc801\uc0ac\ud56d \ud1b5\uc9c0 \ubbf8\ube44\uac00 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \ud558\uc790\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc911\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uc758\uad00\ub150\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 2. 10. \uc120\uace0 2003\ub2e463104 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c71\uc870 (\ucd1d\ud68c\uc758 \uc18c\uc9d1)\n### 3. \uad50\ud68c \uac10\uc0ac \ud574\uc784 \uacb0\uc758\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc0c1 \ud558\uc790\uac00 \uc911\ub300\u00b7\uba85\ubc31\ud55c\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud53c\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\uc640 \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \ubc95\ub960\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub97c \uae30\ucd08\ub85c \ud55c **\uc704\uc784 \uc720\uc0ac\uc758 \uad00\uacc4**\ub85c \ubd04\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \uc704\uc784\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \uac01 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uac00 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \ud574\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c(\ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c689\uc870).\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uad00\uc5d0 \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \uc784\uae30\ub098 \ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc815\ud574\uc838 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\ub294 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uac10\uc0ac\ub97c \ud574\uc784\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uac10\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uc784\ud560 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ub098\uc544\uac00, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ub2f4\uc784\ubaa9\uc0ac\uc5d0\uac8c **\uc218\ucc28\ub840 \ud3ed\uc5b8**\uc744 \ud558\uace0, \ub2e4\ub978 \uac10\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 **\uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ubc29\ud574**\ud558\uac70\ub098 **\ud68c\uacc4\uc7a5\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uae30\uc7ac**\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\ub978 \uac10\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud55c \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \ud53c\uace0 \uad50\ud68c\uac00 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uc784\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c689\uc870 (\uc704\uc784\uc758 \ud574\uc9c0)\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc885\uad50\ub2e8\uccb4\uc758 \uc790\uc728\uc131\uc744 \ucd5c\ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\uba74\uc11c\ub3c4, \ub2e8\uccb4 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uac00 \uc0ac\ubc95\uc2ec\uc0ac\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, **\uad8c\uc9d5\uc7ac\ud310\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \uc881\uac8c \ud574\uc11d**\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\uc778\uc774\ub098 \uc7a5\ub85c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ud574\uc784\uc740 \uad8c\uc9d5\uc7ac\ud310\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\uac00 \uc704\uc784 \uc720\uc0ac\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub418\uc5b4, \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ud574\uc9c0\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uad50\ud68c\uc758 \uc6b4\uc601 \uc790\uc728\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud568.\n- \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud3ed\uc5b8 \ubc0f \uc5c5\ubb34 \ubc29\ud574 \ub4f1 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ud589\uc704\uac00 \ud574\uc784\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub41c \uc810\uc740, \ube44\ub85d \uc704\uc784 \uad00\uacc4\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 **\ud574\uc784\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801 \uadfc\uac70**\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \uad50\ud68c \ub0b4\ubd80 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \ud558\uc790\uc758 \uc911\ub300\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uba70, \uc77c\ubc18 \uc0ac\ub2e8\ubc95\uc778 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uadf8\ub300\ub85c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 **\uad50\ud68c \uc815\uad00 \ubc0f \ud2b9\uc218\uc131**\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 따라서 피고 교회의 본안전항변은 이유 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2006. 2. 10. 선고 2003다63104 판결
2. 교회 감사 해임 결의의 절차적 하자가 중대·명백한지 여부
- 법리: 종교단체의 조직과 운영은 자율성이 최대한 보장되어야 하므로, 교회 내 결의나 처분이 당연 무효라고 판단하려면, 일반 단체 결의나 처분을 무효로 돌릴 정도의 절차적 하자로 부족하고, 매우 중대하여 이를 그대로 둘 경우 현저히 정의관념에 반하는 경우여야 함.
- 판단:
- 권징재판 절차 미준수 주장: 감사의 지위는 총회 헌법상 교회의 직원에 해당하지 않으므로, 감사를 해임하기 위해 권징재판과 같은 절차를 거쳐야 할 근거가 없음. 감사를 선정할 권한이 있는 당회에서 선정 절차와 의결 정족수에 따라 해임할 수 있음.
- 소집 절차 하자 주장:
- 이 사건 정관은 당회 소집 절차를 따로 정하고 있지 않으며, 피고 교회의 당회는 사단법인의 총회에 상응하는 기관이 아니므로 민법 제71조(총회 1주일 전 목적사항 기재 통지)가 그대로 유추 적용되지 않음.
- 이 사건 당회는 정관에 정해진 일자에 의사정족수를 충족하여 개최되었고, 해임 결의는 의결정족수를 충족했으며, 원고도 당회에 참석하여 의견을 밝힘.
- 따라서 소집 통지나 목적사항 통지 미비가 있더라도 그 하자가 매우 중대하여 정의관념에 반한다고 보기 어려움.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2006. 2.