제주지방법원 | 2020-02-13 | 2018가합12984
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
기간제근로자의 정규직 전환 기대권 및 갱신 기대권 불인정
결과 요약
- 근로자들의 청구를 모두 기각함.
- 소송비용은 근로자들이 부담함.
사실관계
- 근로자들은 2013년부터 2017년까지 피고(제주특별자치도 산하 E관리사무소)와 매년 근로계약을 체결하고 기간제근로자(자연환경해설사 등)로 근무함.
- 회사는 매년 정기 또는 수시로 기간제근로자 모집공고를 내고 채용 절차를 거쳐 선발된 사람들과 근로계약을 체결하였으며, 근로자들도 매번 이 절차를 거쳐 선발됨.
- 2017. 12. 12. 제주특별자치도지사는 E관리사무소에 '비정규직 근로자 정규직 전환대상자 확정 알림' 공문을 발신하였고, 해당 명단에 근로자들이 '시간선택제임기제 공무원 채용대상 업무' 대상자로 포함됨.
- 2018. 2. 20.부터 2. 26.까지 회사는 E관리사무소 소속 기간제근로자 모집공고를 시행하였으나, 근로자들은 아무도 채용되지 못함.
- 2018. 3. 19. 회사는 '제주특별자치도 임기제공무원(자연환경해설, 산악해설) 임용시험 시행계획 공고'를 시행하였고, 근로자들은 자연환경해설 분야에 응시하여 1차 서류전형을 통과했으나 2차 면접시험에서 탈락함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
기간제법 제4조 제2항에 따른 무기계약직 전환 여부
- 법리: 기간제법 제4조 제1항, 제2항의 취지에 비추어 반복 체결된 기간제 근로계약 사이에 공백기간이 있는 경우, 공백기간의 길이, 총사용기간 중 공백기간의 비중, 발생 경위, 공백 전후 업무 내용 및 근로조건 유사성, 대체 방식, 당사자 의도, 다른 기간제근로자 갱신 관행 등을 종합하여 공백기간 전후의 근로관계가 단절 없이 계속되었는지 여부를 판단하여 계속근로기간을 산정해야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자들의 전체 근로기간 중 업무 내용과 근로조건이 유사하고, 단절된 근로기간 사이의 공백기간이 각 1개월 남짓으로 상대적으로 짧다는 점은 인정함.
- 그러나 매 공백기간마다 회사는 모집공고 및 채용절차를 거쳤고, 이는 제주특별자치도 기간제근로자 취업 규정에 따른 것임.
- 회사는 매 모집공고에 근무기간이 1년 이내이며 예산 범위 내에서 축소될 수 있음을 명시하였고, 근로계약서에 "매년 공개채용에 의해 근로계약을 체결함으로써 당해 연도 근로자가 차기 연도 근로계약에 대한 보장이 없는 사업으로 계속사업이 아닌 단절사업임"이라는 문구를 기재함.
- 매 채용절차마다 실질적인 경쟁이 있었고, 기존 근로자 중 일부가 재채용되지 못하는 경우도 있었으므로, 근로자들은 새로운 채용절차에서 경쟁을 통해 채용될 가능성이 있음을 충분히 알았거나 알 수 있었음.
- 회사가 기간제법 제4조 제2항의 적용을 회피하기 위해 공백기간을 둔 것이라고 보기 어렵고, 채용절차가 형식에 불과하다는 증거도 없음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
제주지방법원 제2민사부 판결
사건: 2018가합12984 해고무효확인 원고: 1. A 2. B 3. C 원고들 소송대리인 법무법인(유한) 정률 담당변호사 이창훈 피고: 제주특별자치도 소송대리인 정부법무공단 담당변호사 김재학 변론종결: 2020. 1. 23. 판결선고: 2020. 2. 13.
1. 원고들의 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고들이 부담한다.
1. 기초사실 가. 원고들은 2013년경부터 2017. 12. 27.까지 매년 피고와 근로계약을 체결하고 피고 산하 D본부 E관리사무소 소속 기간제근로자인 자연환경해설사 등으로 근무하였던 사람들이다. 원고들의 각 근로계약기간, 실제 근로기간, 업무내용 및 근무조건은 다음 표 기재와 같다. <table_bc id="2_1" src="20220228/9f90091d30c9fc1d_table_1.jpg" width="1335" height="761" x_position="159" y_position="623" /> 나. 피고는 매년 정기로 또는 수시로 E관리사무소 소속 기간제근로자 모집공고를 하고, 해당 채용절차의 응모자들
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\uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \ucc44\uc6a9\uc808\ucc28\uac00 \ud615\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc99d\uac70\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub9e4 \uacf5\ubc31\uae30\uac04 \uc804\ud6c4\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \ub2e8\uc808\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uac01 \uacf5\ubc31\uae30\uac04 \uc804\ud6c4\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04\uc744 \ud569\uc0b0\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95 \uc81c4\uc870\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc0b0\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2019. 10. 17. \uc120\uace0 2016\ub45063705 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uae30\uac04\uc81c \ubc0f \ub2e8\uc2dc\uac04\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c4\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c2\ud56d\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0 \uae30\ub300\uad8c \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc815\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc6d0\uce59\uc774\ub098, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d, \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59, \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uac31\uc2e0 \uc694\uac74 \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uac70\ub098, \uadf8\ub7ec\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ub3d9\uae30 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc704, \uac31\uc2e0 \uc694\uac74 \ubc0f \uc808\ucc28, \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \ub4f1 \uc81c\ubc18 \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uac31\uc2e0\ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \uac31\uc2e0\uc744 \uac70\uc808\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9e4\ubc88 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6b0\uc704\ub97c \uc810\ud558\uc5ec \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \uacc4\uc18d \uc120\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \ub9e4\ubc88 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \uac31\uc2e0\ub418\uc5b4 \uc628 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uae30\ub294 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc758 \ub9e4 \uacf5\ubc31\uae30\uac04 \ud6c4\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubaa8\uc9d1\uacf5\uace0 \ubc0f \ucc44\uc6a9\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \ucc3d\uc124\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ud1b5\uacfc\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc219\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04.\n- \uc81c\uc8fc\ud2b9\ubcc4\uc790\uce58\ub3c4\uc9c0\uc0ac\uc758 \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1 \uc804\ud658\ub300\uc0c1\uc790 \uacf5\ubb38\uc740 \ud53c\uace0 \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc5f0\ub77d\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uba70, \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \ucc44\uc6a9\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d8. \uc9c0\ubc29\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \ubc0f \uc9c0\ubc29\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0 \uc784\uc6a9\ub839\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc774\ud589\ud574\uc57c \ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc704 \uacf5\ubb38\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1 \uc804\ud658\ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud655\uace0\ud55c \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ud658\uacbd\ubd80 \uc0b0\ud558 \uad6d\ub9bd\uacf5\uc6d0\uad00\ub9ac\uacf5\ub2e8 \uc18c\uc18d \uc790\uc5f0\ud658\uacbd\ud574\uc124\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1 \uc804\ud658 \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc640 \ubcc4\uac1c\uc758 \ubc95\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\uc640 \uc608\uc0b0\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\ub294 E\uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c \uc18c\uc18d \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc801\uc6a9\ub420 \ubc95\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc784\uc6a9\uc2dc\ud5d8 \uacf5\uace0\uc758 \ud2b9\uc815\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uae30\uc900 \uc124\uc815, \ud5c8\uc704 \uacbd\ub825 \uae30\uc7ac, \uc6b0\ub300 \uacbd\ub825 \ubcc0\uacbd, \uba74\uc811\uad00 \uc120\ubc1c \ube44\ub9ac \ub4f1\uc740 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ud569\ubaa9\uc801\uc131 \ubc0f \ud569\ub9ac\uc131\uc744 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uacfc \ud53c\uace0 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud788 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \uccb4\uacb0\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \ud615\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1 \uc804\ud658 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc744 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \uac70\ubd80\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2011. 4. 14. \uc120\uace0 2007\ub4501729 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uc9c0\ubc29\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95\n- \uc9c0\ubc29\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0 \uc784\uc6a9\ub839\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04 \uc0b0\uc815 \ubc0f \uac31\uc2e0 \uae30\ub300\uad8c \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uacf5\ubc31\uae30\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uacc4\uc18d\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04\uc744 \ud569\uc0b0\ud560\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uacf5\ubc31\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uae38\uc774\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ucc44\uc6a9 \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc131, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1 \uc804\ud658\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc740 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uacf5\ubb38\uc774\ub098 \ud0c0 \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc0ac\ub840\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc27d\uac8c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \uad00\ub828 \ubc95\ub839\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \ucc44\uc6a9 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uccd0\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9 \uc548\uc815\uc131 \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc778\uc0ac\uad8c \ud589\uc0ac \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ubaa8\uc0c9\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ucc38\uace0 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 따라서 매 공백기간 전후의 근로관계는 단절된 것으로 보아야 하며, 각 공백기간 전후의 근로기간을 합산하여 기간제법 제4조의 계속근로기간을 산정할 수 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2019. 10. 17. 선고 2016두63705 판결
- 기간제 및 단시간근로자 보호 등에 관한 법률 제4조 제1항, 제2항
근로계약 갱신 기대권 인정 여부 및 부당해고 해당 여부
- 법리: 기간을 정한 근로계약은 기간 만료로 종료되는 것이 원칙이나, 근로계약, 취업규칙, 단체협약 등에 갱신 요건 규정이 있거나, 그러한 규정이 없더라도 근로계약 내용, 동기 및 경위, 갱신 요건 및 절차, 업무 내용 등 제반 사정을 종합하여 근로자에게 갱신될 것이라는 정당한 기대권이 인정되는 경우, 사용자가 부당하게 갱신을 거절하는 것은 부당해고와 마찬가지로 무효임.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자들이 매번 채용절차에서 우위를 점하여 여러 번 계속 선발되었다는 사정만으로 근로계약이 매번 당연히 갱신되어 온 것이라고 평가하기는 어려움.
- 근로자들의 매 공백기간 후의 근로관계는 새로운 모집공고 및 채용절차에 따라 새롭게 창설된 것으로 보아야 하며, 근로자들은 새로운 채