대전지방법원 | 2024-08-22 | 2023구합207611
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
부당해고 구제 재심판정 취소 소송에서 사용자의 청구 기각
결과 요약
- 근로자의 지각, 허위 출근시간 입력, 무단 이탈 등의 징계사유는 인정되나, 해고는 징계재량권을 일탈·남용한 것으로 위법하다고 판단하여, 해당 회사의 재심신청을 기각한 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정이 적법하다고 판시함.
사실관계
- 해당 회사(문화행사, 공연 기획 및 제작업 영위 법인)는 2022. 12. 22. 참가인과 근로계약을 체결하고 PM사업팀 주임으로 근무하게 함.
- 참가인은 2022. 12. 26., 2022. 12. 27., 2022. 12. 30. 세 차례 지정된 출근시간보다 늦게 사무실에 출근함.
- 참가인은 2022. 12. 26.과 2023. 2. 20. 지하주차장에서 출·퇴근 관리 앱에 실제 출근시간보다 이른 출근시간을 등록함.
- 참가인은 2022. 12. 27. 상사의 승인 없이 업무시간 중 미용실에서 머리를 자르고 복귀함.
- 해당 회사는 2023. 2. 20. 참가인에게 '출·퇴근 입력 시스템 상의 출근시간 허위 입력으로 인한 근무태만 및 근무태만에 대한 반성 태도 불성실'을 사유로 30일간의 무급 정직 징계를 통보함.
- 참가인은 2023. 2. 24. 징계가 과중하다는 내용의 이의신청서를 제출함.
- 해당 회사는 2023. 2. 27. 참가인에게 '출·퇴근 입력 시스템 상의 출근시간 허위 입력으로 인한 근무태만 및 잦은 업무 마찰과 서로 업무에 대한 이해 부족으로 인한 경영상태 악화'를 사유로 2023. 2. 28. 자 해고를 통보함.
- 해당 회사는 2023. 2. 28. 참가인에 대해 '경영상 필요 또는 회사불황으로 인원감축 등에 의한 퇴사'를 사유로 고용보험 상실신고를 함.
- 참가인은 2023. 3. 23. 해당 회사로부터 급여 및 퇴직금을 수령하고 '이후 급여 및 수당 외 어떠한 이의를 제기치 않을 것을 확인한다.'는 내용의 급여수령확인서에 서명함.
- 참가인은 해당 해고가 부당하다고 주장하며 전남지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였고, 전남지방노동위원회는 2023. 7. 11. 해당 해고가 부당해고라고 판정함.
- 해당 회사는 2023. 8. 7. 중앙노동위원회에 재심을 신청하였으나, 중앙노동위원회는 2023. 10. 13. 해당 회사의 재심신청을 기각함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고의 존재 여부
- 법리: 해고란 실제 사업장에서 불리는 명칭이나 그 절차에 관계없이 근로자의 의사에 반하여 사용자의 일방적 의사에 의하여 이루어지는 모든 근로계약 관계의 종료를 의미함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 해당 회사가 참가인에게 '해고 예정 통보서'라는 제목으로 해고를 통보한 점.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
대전지방법원 제3행정부 판결
사건: 2023구합207611 부당해고구제재심판정취소 원고: 주식회사 A 소송대리인 변호사 강기원, 이민지, 전수연, 이원택, 차환익, 정종 명, 노한별, 박진우 피고: 중앙노동위원회위원장 피고보조참가인: B 변론종결: 2024. 6. 13. 판결선고: 2024. 8. 22.
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
1. 재심판정의 경위 가. 당사자의 지위 1) 원고 주식회사 A(이하 '원고 회사'라 한다)은 2022. 10. 18. 설립되어 문화행사, 공연 기획 및 제작업 등을 영위하는 법인이다. 2) 참가인은 2022. 12. 22. 원고 회사와 사이에 근로시간을 9시부터 18시까지로 하는 근로계약을 체결하고, 그 무렵부터 원고 회사의 PM사업팀에서 주임으로 근무하여 왔다. 나. 참가인의 지각 및 미승인 외출 등 1) 원고 회사는 근로자들이 휴대전화 앱에 출·퇴근시간을 입력하는 방법으로 근태 관리를 하였는데, 참가인은 2022. 12. 26. 원고 회사 건물의 지하주차장에 도착한 뒤 지하주차장에서 출·퇴근시간을 입력하는 앱에 접
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\uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc810.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uae09\uc5ec\uc218\ub839\ud655\uc778\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uae09\uc5ec \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc561\uc218\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc885\ub8cc\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04\uc774 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1993. 10. 26. \uc120\uace0 92\ub2e454210 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 3\ud68c \uc9c0\uac01, 2\ud68c \ud5c8\uc704 \ucd9c\uadfc\uc2dc\uac04 \uc785\ub825, 1\ud68c \ubb34\ub2e8 \uadfc\ubb34\uc9c0 \uc774\ud0c8\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc131\uc2e4\ud788 \uadfc\ubb34\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ubc29\ud574\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 E\uc758 \uc804\ud654\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc9c0\uc2dc \uac70\ubd80 \ud589\uc704\ub77c\uac70\ub098 \ubaa8\uc695\uc801\uc778 \uc5b8\ud589\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc801\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\uac01\uc740 21\ubd84, 20\ubd84 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uadf8 \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uae38\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, 2022. 12. 27. \uc9c0\uac01\uc740 \ub3c4\ub85c \ud658\uacbd\uc774 \uc88b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ub2e4\ub978 \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\ub3c4 \ub2a6\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud5c8\uc704 \ucd9c\uadfc\uc2dc\uac04 \uc785\ub825\uc740 \uc9c0\ud558\uc8fc\ucc28\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uace0, \uc2e4\uc81c \ucd9c\uadfc\uc2dc\uac04\uacfc\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 15\ubd84, 3\ubd84\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud568.\n- \ubb34\ub2e8 \uadfc\ubb34\uc9c0 \uc774\ud0c8 \uc2dc\uac04\uc740 50\ubd84 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c 1\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ucc44 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc6d0\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \ucc28\uc9c8\uc774\ub098 \uc7a5\uc560\uac00 \uc0dd\uacbc\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc\ub9cc\ud55c \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc704\ubc95\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uacbd\uc911, \ubc1c\uc0dd \uacbd\uc704, \ud68c\uc0ac \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce5c \uc601\ud5a5 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc801\uc815\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc9c0\uac01\uc774\ub098 \ud5c8\uc704 \ucd9c\uadfc\uc2dc\uac04 \uc785\ub825, \ub2e8\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\uc9c0 \uc774\ud0c8\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc720\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ub77c\ub294 \uc911\uc9d5\uacc4\ub97c \ub0b4\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \ub0a8\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\uc784. \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4 \ucc98\ubd84 \uc2dc \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ud574\ub2f9 \ud589\uc704\uac00 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce5c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uacfc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uace0\uc758\uc131, \uc0c1\uc2b5\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\ub840\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ub9de\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub97c \ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uac83\uc784."}
- 해당 회사의 부사장 E이 참가인에게 "내일 나오지 말고"라고 말한 점.
- 참가인이 징계처분에 대해 이의신청을 하며 계속 근무할 의사가 있었던 것으로 보이는 점.
- 해당 회사가 고용보험 상실신고서에 기재한 사유는 해당 회사의 일방적인 행위이므로 이를 이유로 해고가 아니라고 볼 수 없는 점.
- 참가인이 급여수령확인서에 서명한 것은 급여 및 퇴직금 액수에 관한 것으로 보이는 점 등을 종합할 때, 해당 회사와 참가인의 근로관계는 참가인의 의사에 반하여 해당 회사의 일방적 의사에 의하여 종료된 것으로서 해고에 해당한다고 봄이 타당하며, 참가인이 사직 의사를 표시했다고 인정하기에 부족함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1993. 10. 26. 선고 92다54210 판결
징계사유의 인정 여부
- 법원의 판단:
- 참가인의 3회 지각, 2회 허위 출근시간 입력, 1회 무단 근무지 이탈은 근로계약에 따라 성실히 근무할 의무를 위반한 것으로서 징계사유에 해당함.
- 참가인이 다른 근로자들의 업무를 방해하였다고 보기에 부족하며, 단순히 E의 전화를 거부한 행위를 정당한 업무 지시 거부 행위라거나 모욕적인 언행이라고 볼 수 없음.
징계양정의 적정 여부
- 법원의 판단:
- 참가인의 지각은 21분, 20분 등으로 그